Milestones Review: Cells and Microorganisms Part 2

A student observed a label found on raw chicken meat sold at the grocery store.

Which argument should the student use to support a claim that some bacteria are harmful to humans?

• Some bacteria can harm humans because bacteria reproduce faster when they are cooked at high temperatures

• Some bacteria can harm humans because bacteria become toxic when cooked at high temperatures

• Some bacteria can harm humans because bacteria make food taste bad when it is not cooked properly

• Some bacteria can harm humans because bacteria can cause food poisoning when contaminated food is not cooked properly

Which students explain why the shape and structure of the two cells are different?

• A.Cell X is shaped like a circle because it is an animal cell, which means it does not have a cell wall, and cell Y is shaped like a rectangle because it is a plant cell, which means it has a cell wall.

• A.Cell X is shaped like a circle because it is a plant cell, which means it does not have a cell wall, and cell Y is shaped like a rectangle because it is an animal cell, which means it has a cell wall.

• A.Cell X is shaped like a circle because it is an animal cell, which means it has a cell membrane, and cell Y is shaped like a rectangle because it is a plant cell, which means it does not have a cell membrane.

• A.Cell X is shaped like a circle because it is a plant cell, which means it has a cell membrane, and cell Y is shaped like a rectangle because it is an animal cell, which means it does not have a cell membrane.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which describes how the difference between a plant cell and animal cell can be determined by looking at the parts inside the cell?

• A.Plant cells have a nucleus, but animal cells do not.

• Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not

• A.Plant cells do not have a nucleus, but animal cells do.

• A.Plant cells do not have chloroplasts, but animal cells do.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

A teacher shows her class a drawing of a plant cell. A student states that the function of a chloroplast is to provide energy for the cell. The teacher states that this is incorrect. Which description provides the correct description for a chloroplast?

• A.It uses photosynthesis to make food for the cell.

• A.It directs the cell’s activities.

• A.It stores water and nutrients for the cell.

• A.It controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Students identified the nucleus in an animal and plant cell. How is the function of the nucleus the same in both kinds of cells?

• It protects the parts of the cell

• It gives the cell a rigid structure

• It controls the activities of the cell

• It regulates what enters and exits the cell

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Where can you find cells that each have a cell wall, a nucleus, and chloroplasts?

• Those cells cannot be found

• In both plants and animals

• In plants

• In animals

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

In science class, Donnie learns that X. campestris is a type of bacteria that causes black rot in green, leafy vegetables. When a plant is first infected, its leaves appear to be pale green, limp and dry. Eventually the plant can turn to a dark color and die.

Which statement best describes the relationsip between X. campestris and green, leafy vegetables?

• Green, leafy vegetables use X. campestris as nutrients.

• Green, leafy vegetables rely on X. campestris to remain healthy

• X. campestris is harmful to green, leafy vegetables.

• X. campestris protects green, leafy vegetables from disease.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a type of bacteria that is found in fermented foods such as yogurt. In human intestines, L. acidphilus makes vitamin K and lactase. Vitamin K is needed for blood clots to form to stop bleeding. Lactase is an enzyme that helps with digesting milk products.

Why might a doctor tell a person to eat yogurt that contains L. acidophilus?

• to reduce pain in the abdomen after drinking milk

• to make less vitamin K in the intestines

• to keep blood clots from forming in blood vessels

• to remove bacteria from the digestive system

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

After the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, one of the treatments included the addition of harmless, oil-eating bacteria.

How could this be better than more traditional methods of cleaning up oil spills?

• When the bacteria finally die, it removes needed oxygen from the water.

• The bacteria can break down harmful substances into simpler, less toxic substances.

• The addition of other harmful chemicals may be needed to speed up the process.

• The use of the bacteria, alone, could take years to completely remove the oil.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

Which of the following best describes microorganisms?

• Microorganisms are the most dangerous when they are in fungus form.

• Most microorganisms are not harmful, and many are actually beneficial.

• All microorganisms are harmful because they act as parasites.

• Most microorganisms are harmful to humans because they are only found in water and in soil.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4