What is the purpose of the iris?

• To focus light on the retina

• To process color

• To allow light into the eye

• To enable night vision

• To detect specific shapes

________ are neurons that fire in response to specific edges, lines, angles, and movements.

• rods

• cones

• ganglion cells

• feature detectors

• bipolar cells

Signal detection theory is most closely associated with which perception process?

• Vision

• Sensory Adaptation

• Absolute Threshold

• Smell

• Context Effects

Which of the following represents perceptual constancy?

• We recognize the taste of McDonald's food each time we eat it

• In photos of people, the people almost always are perceived as figure and all else as ground

• We know that the color of a printed page has not changed as it moves from sunlight to shadow

• From the time they are very young, most people can recognize the smell of a dentist's office

• The cold water in a lake doesn't seem so cold after a few minutes

You tell your friend a cloud looks like your math teacher; they look up and agree. Which principle explains this?

• selective attention

• ESP

• perceptual set

• shape constancy

• bottom-up processing

The process by which rods and cones change electromagnetic energy into neural messages is called

• adaptation

• accommodation

• parallel processing

• transduction

• perceptual setting

Which of the following is most likely to influence our memory of a painful event?

• The overall length of the event

• The intensity of the pain at the end of the event

• The reason for the pain

• The amount of rest had in the 24 hours preceding the event

• The specific part of the body that experiences the pain

Frequency theory relates to which element of the hearing process?

• The rate at which the basilar membrane vibrates

• The number of fibers in the auditory nerve

• The point at which the basilar membrane exhibits the most vibration

• The decibel level of a sound

• The number of hair cells in each cochlea

Which of the following best represents an absolute threshold?

• A guitar player knows that his D string has just gone out of tune

• A photographer can tell that the natural light available for a photograph has just faded slightly

• Your friend amazes you by correctly identifying unlabeled glasses of coke and pepsi

• A cook can just barely taste the small amount of salt she has added to her soup

• Your mom throws out milk because she says it tastes "off"

Which of the following describes a perception process that the Gestalt psychologists would have been interested in?

• Depth perception and how it allows us to survive in the world

• How we notice the various flavor elements in a dish

• How an organized whole is formed out of its component pieces

• What the smallest units of perception are

• The similarities between shape constancy and size constancy