Evolution as Genetic Change

Individuals at one end of a distribution curve of phenotypes have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve.

• stabilizing

• directional

• disruptive

Individuals near the center of a distribution curve of phenotypes have higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve.

• directional

• stabilizing

• disruptive

Individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve of phenotypes have higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve.

• stabilizing

• directional

• disruptive

follows a dramatic reduction in the size of a population

• bottleneck effect

• founder effect

• gene flow

• non-random mating

results when a small subgroup of a population migrates to a new and separate location

• bottleneck effect

• founder effect

• non-random mating

• small population

Sexual selection leads females to prefer fitter males.

• nonrandom mating

• small population

• gene flow

• mutations

• natural selection

are especially prone to genetic drift because of the small gene pool

• nonrandom mating

• small popultion

• gene flow

• mutations

• natural selection

movement of genes in or out of a population

• nonrandom mating

• small population

• gene flow

• mutations

random errors in gene replication

• nonrandom mating

• small populations

• gene flow

• mutations

• natural selection

Varying fitness levels leads to natural selection and evolution.

• nonrandom mating

• small popultion

• gene flow

• mutations

• natural selection