Bio Review - 2

Which phrase best describes a stem cell?

• a cell specialized for the transport of gases

• an unspecialized cell that lacks the ability to reproduce itself

• a cell specialized for movement by containing a long tail and large numbers of mitochondria

• an unspecialized cell that has the ability to differentiate into one or more types of specialized cells

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Daughter cells formed by mitosis have exact copies of the parent cell's DNA. How is this possible?

• DNA completely unzips, then copies itself, then re-connects. Once the cell splits in half, the original DNA is in one cell, and the copy is in the other daughter cell.

• DNA unzips at multiple locations, then DNA polymerase finds the matching bases and attaches them to both strands. When the process is finished, 2 exact copies are formed.

• Enzymes read the parent DNA then fi nd bases in the cell to create the sequence in the new DNA strand. When the cell splits, the original DNA is in one cell, and the copy is in the other daughter cell.

• DNA polymerase finds bases in the cell then seeks out the complementary base in the DNA. Once found, it breaks the bonds, adds the new base, and repeats the process until the strand is copied.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What advantage does DNA gain by being double-stranded?

• Each strand contains unique information providing RNA the information to create 2different proteins at one time.

• Each strand contains unique information allowing cells to store twice as much information in one place.

• There are 2 copies of the base sequence, and it is encased in the backbone protecting them from mutation.

• There are 2 copies of the bases, making it easier for RNA to read multiple sections atone time to make proteins.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

In what order are the types of RNA involved in the process of protein synthesis?

• rRNA, tRNA, mRNA

• mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

• tRNA, mRNA, tRNA

• mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

What is the appropriate sequence of events for protein synthesis?

• Amino acids link to form polypeptides, which fold into proteins.

• Polypeptides link to form amino acids, which fold into proteins.

• Proteins link to form amino acids, which fold into polypeptides.

• Amino acids link to form proteins, which fold into polypeptides.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

In sickle cell anemia, the nucleotide adenine is replaced by thymine at the 17th position of the beta chain of hemoglobin. This mutation changes the codon GAG to GTG.

What type of mutation is described in this example?

• addition

• deletion

• nondisjunction

• substitution

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Scientists have concluded that repeated exposure to thigh does of x-rays can lead to cancer in individuals. How does the x-ray exposure result in cancer?

• by mutating the DNA

• by damaging the mitochondria

• by rupturing the plasma membrane

• by damaging the ribosomes

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A single pair of exotic fish in an aquarium produce a large number of offspring. The offspring shows variations in fi ns and body shapes. Which statement explains the variations?

• The offspring had to adapt to a different environment.

• The offspring were exposed to mutagenic chemicals.

• The offspring were produced from the exact combination of the parents' genes.

• The offspring were produced from different combinations of the parents' genes.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which description distinguishes the process of meiosis from mitosis?

• Unlike mitotic cells, meiotic cells undergo a single division to halve their chromosome number, after which they undergo crossing over to restore their diploid state.

• Unlike mitotic cells, meiotic cells undergo multiple divisions to produce an effectively unlimited array of daughter cells which are genetically identical to the parent cells.

• Unlike mitotic cells, meiotic cells undergo pairing of homologous chromosomes, allowing centromeres to remain intact throughout both cellular divisions.

• Unlike mitotic cells, meiotic cells undergo two divisions to produce haploid cells, allowing for genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.

In a species of mouse, brown fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). If a heterozygous brown mouse is crossed with a white-colored mouse, what would be true of their possible offspring?

• 100% BB

• 25% BB, 25% bb, and 50% Bb

• 50% Bb and 50% bb

• 75% BB and 25% Bb

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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