AP Government 3.2-1st Amendment Freedom of Religion

Which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the First Amendment due to time, place, and manner restrictions?

• A student is expelled from school for wearing a black T-shirt expressing opposition to a law recently passed by the state legislature.

• An organization regarded as a hate group is not able to obtain a permit to march through a major city because of its message.

• Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City’s Times Square during rush hour.

• An independent political advocacy organization is prevented by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from running political advertisements on television.

A public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?

• Interstate commerce clause

• Free exercise clause

• Supremacy clause

• Establishment clause

Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students’ sincerely held religious beliefs?

• United States v. Lopez (1995)

• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

• Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

• Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Which of the following cases examined a state law that required all children to attend school through the twelfth grade in order to promote the general welfare of its citizens?

• Engel v. Vitale (1962)

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)

• Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (1969)

• Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court’s ruling?

• It ruled that the state had an overarching right to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding such action permissible under the Tenth Amendment.

• It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

• It balanced the school’s interest in providing for an open and peaceful frame of mind for the school day with the interest of the students in not being subjected to the prayer, ultimately ruling for the state.

• It rejected the student complaint, as public school students have no free exercise rights in school.