Biology EOC Practice Questions

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Companies that manufacture yogurt sometimes use β-D-galactosidase in their products. β-D-galactosidase are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of the lactose in these products, making digestion easier for individuals who are lactose intolerant.

Which of the following describes the group of macromolecules that would contain β-D-galactosidase?

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

• Proteins

SC.912.L.18.1

Butter is an animal product that comes from milk. According to the National Institutes of Health, a diet consisting of butter may lead to a lower chance of obesity, heart disease and diabetes. This effect is due to butter being a source of a macromolecule that provides the body with a source of long-term energy.  

Which of the following has the correct structure for the type of macromolecule that is found in butter?

• 
• 
• 
• 

SC.912.L.14.3

A cross section of a cell membrane is displayed.

The cell membrane allows hydrogen ions (H+) to enter and exit the cell’s interior environment. There are times when the cell needs more hydrogen ions to perform specific functions and will use a carrier protein to pump more hydrogen inside the cell than exist on the outside going from lower concentration to a higher concentration.

Which of the following describes the movement of molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration across the membrane?

• Osmosis

• Active Transport

• Passive Transport

• Facilitated Diffusion

SC.912.L.14.3

Using a microscope, Natasha observed an unknown cell culture.  In her notes she indicated that the unknown cells contained circular genetic material that floated freely in the cell’s cytoplasm.  Her notes also indicated that there were a number of ribosomes within the cytoplasm and the membrane is surrounded by a thick cell wall.

Which of the following would describe the type of cell that Natasha observed?

• eukaryotic plant cell

• eukaryotic fungi cell

• prokaryotic animal cell

• prokaryotic bacteria cell

SC.912.L.16.17

A scientist is developing a potential treatment for cancer. She grows cells in hundreds of petri dishes and exposes the dishes to various environments. After exposure, the scientist determines that some of the petri dishes contain cancer cells.

Which of the following describes a characteristic of all cancer cells?

• cancer cells contain two nuclei

• cancer cells contain circular DNA

• cancer cells have a disrupted cell cycle

• cancer cells have a mutated electron transport system

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SC.912.L.15.8

The diagram below shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis.

Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage?

• They are able to photosynthesize

• They contain additional ribosomes

• They were able to make more use of the energy

• They developed immunity from bacterial infections

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SC.912.L.15.8

The diagram below depicts the Miller and Urey experiment which subjected hydrogen gas, water vapor, ammonia, and methane gases to sparks in a reacting chamber.

 

What was produced, giving support to the primordial soup model of the origin of life?

• primitive plant life

• single celled organisms

• organic molecules

• membrane bound organelles

SC.912.L.15.1

Scientists have found evidence that about 2.4 million years ago a gene regulating jaw muscles mutated and may have led to the more graceful human jaw we see today. The diagram below shows the skulls of 3 hominid species.

Which statement below most closely explains the link between jaw size and hominid evolution?

• The jaws of hominids evolved to be smaller and less protruding over time.

• The jaws of hominids evolved to be larger and more protruding over time.

• There appears to be no change in the jaws of hominids over time.

• The jaws of hominids changed over time due to a change in brain size.

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SC.912.L.15.6

In biology class a research group is researching mushrooms.  In their studies they discovered that mushrooms were once characterized as plants before they were classified into the kingdom fungi.

What characteristic of fungi makes them different from plants?

• Fungi have cell walls

• Fungi are multicellular

• Fungi are heterotrophic

•  Cells within fungi are eukaryotic

SC.912.L.15.6

Carl Woese introduced the three-domain system for classifying living things, after the advancement of DNA analysis allowed for a comparison of species genetic code. Which of the following is the best explanation for why domains were added to the previous system of classification? 

• The old system was wrong and needed to be redone.

• Species were evolving at a rate faster than scientists were able to classify them.

• The birth rate of organisms declined rapidly during this timeframe.

• Species that were previously classified together were found to genetically be very different from one another.

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