Cardiopulmonary A&P

The physical property of the lungs known as compliance is best defined by which of the following?

• Pressure that allows changes in lung volume with thoracic expansion

• Ability of the lungs to expand and accommodate increased volumes

• Pressure that acts to collapse the alveolus

• The tendency of a structure to return to its initial size after distension

Which of the following best describes the difference between ventilation and respiration?

• Collateral airflow and movement of gases

• Movement of air and diffusion of oxygen/carbon dioxide

• Regulating acid-base balance and maintaining normal blood pH

• Gas exchange at capillary-alveolar surface and gas exchange at tissue level

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which description best outlines the cardiac conduction pathway

• AV node --> bundle of His --> bundle branches --> ventricles

• SA node --> Bundle of His --> AV node --> ventricles

• SA node --> atria --> AV node &bundle of His --> bundle branches

• AV node --> atria --> bundle branches --> ventricles

Afterload is BEST defined by which of the following statements

• The maximum amount of blood that can be filled in the ventricles

• The amount of load (stretch) on the myocardial wall prior to contraction

• Pressure in the arterial system during the diastolic phase of cardiac cycle

• A reflection of the pressure against which the heart has to contract

Which of the following physical properties of lungs facilitates passive exhalation?

• Resistance to airflow

• Elasticity

• Surface tension

• Compliance

Ejection fraction is best described by which of the following?

• The volume of blood ejected during systole

• The proportion of blood remaining after diastole

• The proportion of blood remaining in the ventricle at the end of systole

• The proportion of blood ejected during systole

Which of the following statements is most accurate when describing myocardial perfusion?

• Blood supply arises from base of aorta and perfusion occurs during systole

• Blood supply arises from pulmonary artery &perfusion occurs during diastole

• Blood supply arises from base of aorta and perfusion occurs during diastole

Which of the following muscles help to achieve the active process of inspiration at rest in a healthy individual?

• Upper trapezius

• Abdominal muscles

• Diaphragm

• Sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostals contract to facilitate inspiration?

• Change in thoracic cavity/lung volume leading to ↑intrapulmonary pressure

• ↓ in volume of thoracic cavity & lung increasing intrapulmonary pressure

• An increase in the pressure within the lung occurring due to Boyle’s law

• ↑ in volume of thoracic cavity & lung reducing intrapulmonary pressure

Cardiac output is influenced by all of the following except:

• Peripheral edema

• Afterload

• Preload

• Myocardial contractility