Definitions of Crime Early Modern and Industrial

Which crimes continued in both the early modern and industrial periods?

• Vagrancy

• Heresy

• Smuggling

• Poaching

Which dates are included in the industrial period?

• 1000-1250

• 1250-1500

• 1500-1700

• 1700-1900

Which dates are within the early modern period?

• 1000-1500

• 1500-1700

• 1700-1900

• 1900-present

Which of these crimes was a new crime in the industrial period?

• vagrancy

• heresy

• smuggling

• highway robbery

Which description accurately defines a 'social crime'? Choose more than one answer.

• A crime taken seriously mainly only by upper and wealthy classes.

• A crime involving anti-social behaviour.

• A crime that many people didn’t think the law was fair and therefore didn’t really care if it was upheld

• A crime punishable by death.

Which of these reasons explains the rise of vagrancy in the early modern period? Choose more than one answer.

• Growing population, meant that greater numbers of people left their villages in search of jobs

• Falling wages, and rising food prices.

• People wanted to avoid paying import taxes set by the government.

• Poor harvests led to increased poverty and an increase in people seeking work.

• Increased travel meant more wealthy businessmen were transporting large sums of money.

Explain why highway robbery increased as a problem for the authorities in the industrial period. Choose more than one answer.

• Attempts to avoid import taxes led to many organised gangs.

• As trade increased there was more need to move goods and money around, with few banks to keep money in.

• no rural police forces and local constables did not track criminals across counties

• Viewed as a social crime as many people benefitted.

• Turnpike Trusts had improved the road surfaces and therefore there were more people on the roads.

Explain why heresy declined as a crime after the early modern period. Choose more than one answer.

• Less religious instability with monarchs in England

• Everyone followed the same religion so heresy was no longer a crime.

• Enlightenment ideas spread from the 17th century onwards, allowing more rational and scientific explanations for the world to emerge.

• Heresy was made legal by the monarchs of the 17th century.

Which of these statements is true about the Hawkhurst Gang? Select more than one answer.

• They were a gang typically associated with highway robbery.

• They were based on the south coast and smuggled huge volumes of goods into England

• They operated in deer parks and game reserves.

• The leaders were hanged for their crimes of smuggling in 1748.

Explain why smuggling declined at the end of the industrial period. Select more than one answer.

• It became less profitable as the Prime Minister, William Pitt, lowered the import duties in the 1780s; then, in the 19^th century, they were reduced again.

• Whereas previously, smugglers could offer a much better price than law abiding traders, there was now less difference in price, so the extent of smuggling dropped dramatically.

• It became punishable by death following the Black Act of 1723.

• Enlightenment ideas meant religion played less of an influence on people's lives and gave way to science and rational thought.