Biology EOC Review

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure?

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• mitochondrion

• vacuole

These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism.

How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different

• Mutations in the cells’ nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

• It regulates mineral concentrations in cells

• It regulates body temperature

• It maintains water balance

• It maintains sugar balance in cells

The chemical colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would most likely stop if colchicine were added to a culture of human liver cells?

• mitosis

• meiosis

• crossing over

• active transport

Which statement best explains why animals are considered heterotrophic?

• They are able to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.

• They are able to produce food through the process of respiration.

• They are able to obtain nutrients by decomposing plant and animal tissue.

• They are able to obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or their products

In some ecosystems, wolves have been eliminated due to their threats to humans. How can the reintroduction of wolves benefit the ecosystem?

• It can eliminate weak animals from a prey population, thereby decreasing competition for natural resources

• It can eliminate the most fit animals among the prey population, which will cause an increase in birth rates of the prey

• It can cause the prey population to migrate to other areas, resulting in more fit prey.

• It can cause the prey population to better blend in with their environment.

According to the diagram, when did the common ancestor of giant pandas and spectacled bears exist? 

• 5-10 mya
• 10-15 mya
• 15-20 mya
• 20-25 mya

Movement of materials down the concentration gradient through a protein channel is an example of 

• facilitated diffusion
• active transport
• respiration
• osmosis 

Which list includes only structures that would be found in a prokaryotic cell? 

• Cell wall, plasma membrane, mitochondria
• Central vacuole, cell wall, lysosome
• Cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
• Plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria

Which of the following statements vest describes the cell cycle? 

• Interphase is the reproductive phase, mitosis is the growth phase
• Interphase is the growth phase, mitosis is the reproductive phase
• Cytokinesis is the growth phase, S-phase is the reproductive phase
• Cytokinesis is the reproductive phase, S-phase is the growth phase