Chapter 8

What is inference?

• is the logical conclusion based on the analysis of objects.

• is an argument that draw conclusions from observations.

It rained in the morning, so Pisey couldn't go to school on time.

• Good Inference

• Bad Inference

A man forgot his wallet in his room. When he couldn't find it, he accused it was stolen by his co-worker.

• Good Inference

• Bad inference

How many standard for evaluating inferences and argument ?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Which one is the fiercest standard of all the evaluting inferences and arguments?

• All of them

• Deductive validity

• Proved beyond reasonable doubt

• Shown to be more likely than not on the balance of evidence

Rith is taller than Kimhou and Kimhou is taller than Molika, therefore Rith is taller than Molika.

• Deductive validity

• Proved beyong reasonable doubt

• Shown to be more likely than not on the balance of evidence

A corpse of a young girl was found. The police searched in Tom's house and found a shirt full of blood in there. The witness also reported that he saw Tom wore that shirt when he left his home.

• Proved beyond reasonalbe doubt

• Deductive validity

• Shown to be more likely than not on the balance of evidence

The civil standard of proof is proof on balance of probability, which mean it is more likely than not to have occured.

• Shown to be more likely than not on the balance of evident

• Deductive validity

• Proved beyound reasonble doubt

Which one is so a common pattern that has a special name, 'modus tollens' or 'denying the consequent'?

• If A then B and if B then C and if C then D, so if A then D.

• If A then B and A is true, so B must be true,

• If A then B but B is false, so A must be false too.

Which one is so a common pattern that has a special name, 'modus ponens' or 'affirming the antecedent'?

• If A then B and If B then C and If C then D, so if A then D.

• If A then B and A is true, so B must be true,

• If A then B but B is false, so A must be false too.