Kidney Structure

What is the function of the renal vein?

• Carrying urea from the bladder to the kidney

• Carrying blood from the heart to the kidney

• Carrying urea from the kidney to the bladder

• Carrying blood from the kidney to the heart

Which of the following is not a major function of a nephron?

• Regulating salt and water concentrations in the body.

• Carrying the carbon dioxide released from cells during respiration to the lungs to be excreted.

• Filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them as urine.

• Selectively reabsorbing useful substances, like glucose, back into the body.

What is the function of the renal artery?

• Carrying blood from the heart to the kidney

• Carrying urea from the bladder to the kidney

• Carrying urea from the kidney to the bladder

• Carrying blood from the kidney to the heart

The diagram provided shows the macroscopic outline of a human kidney.

What is the structure in the kidney represented by label 1?

• Medulla

• Cortex

• Urethra

• Renal artery

What is the structure in the kidney represented by label 2?

• Urethra

• Renal Artery

• Medulla

• Cortex

What is the structure in the kidney represented by label 3?

• Cortex

• Medulla

• Renal Artery

• Renal Vein

What organ in the human body does the ureter connect the kidney to?

• Large Intestine

• Small Intestine

• Bladder

• Liver

The kidneys filter out waste products from the blood.

In what substance are these waste products excreted from the body?

• Sweat

• Urine

• Feces

• Carbon dioxide

The kidney contains thousands of small tubules that filter blood to form urine. What is the scientific term given to these tubules?

• Ureters

• Capillaries

• Ducts

• Nephrons

What is the first structure encountered as blood interacts with a nephron?

• Glomerulus

• Loop of Henle

• Proximal convoluted tubule

• Collecting duct

Answer explanation

Filtration of blood occurs in the renal corpuscle, which is composed of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a complex net of capillaries that carry blood adjacent to Bowman's capsule. Bowman's capsule collects fluid filtrate from the blood and transfers to the rest of the nephron. The glomerulus is the only portion of the nephron to contain blood rather than filtrate.