Biology Keystone Unit 5

A student looking through a microscope records observations about a cell. Which stage of the cell cycle has the student described?

• prophase

• anaphase

• interphase

• telophase

Answer explanation

The events listed occur during prophase of the cell cycle.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Before cellular division, the cell must duplicate its DNA so that daughter cells will contain complete copies of the DNA. Which characteristic of DNA makes it most suitable as a molecule for this role?

• DNA is located in the nucleus.

• DNA is a large macromolecule.

• DNA is made of repeating sugar-phosphate subunits.

• DNA is made of two strands of complementary nucleotides.

Answer explanation

The complementary nature of the two strands allows each strand to serve as a template during replication.

Which statement best explains how organisms accomplish passing on traits to their offspring?

• Traits are acquired when parents care for their offspring.

• Offspring inherit traits when DNA is replicated during mitosis.

• Traits are inherited by the transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring.

• Offspring acquire traits when cells become specialized for certain functions.

Answer explanation

DNA is the genetic material transferred from parent to offspring, and it codes for an organism’s inherited traits.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

At a point in the cell cycle, chromosomes have aligned near the middle of a cell. Which sequence of events will the cell need to complete to produce two identical daughter cells?

• anaphase --> telophase --> cytokinesis

• anaphase II --> telophase II --> cytokinesis II

• prophase --> metaphase --> anaphase

• metaphase II --> anaphase II --> telophase II

Answer explanation

Chromosomes align during metaphase, which is followed by anaphase.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which student correctly compared the outcomes of meiosis and mitosis?

• student 1

• student 2

• student 3

• student 4

Answer explanation

Meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells, and mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The DNA Replication diagram is incomplete. Which nucleotide sequence accurately shows the DNA strand that would be produced during DNA replication?

• TCCA

• AGGT

• UCCU

• AGGU

Answer explanation

A pairs with T, G pairs with C twice, and T pairs with A.

Which statement best describes the outcomes of both meiosis and mitosis?

• Cell division results in daughter cells that contain DNA.

• Each daughter cell has two complete sets of chromosomes.

• Within a cell, two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of genetic material.

• Genetically identical daughter cells are produced that can function as body cells or

  sex cells.

Answer explanation

Both meiosis and mitosis result in daughter cells containing DNA.

In order to study genetic mutations, scientists must study genetic material. Which statement describes the genetic material scientists are most likely studying?

• They study alleles that contain chromosomes, which are RNA.

• They study alleles that contain genes, which are chromosomes.

• They study chromosomes that contain DNA segments, which are RNA.

• They study chromosomes that contain genes, which are DNA segments.

Answer explanation

Chromosomes are made up of genes, and genes contain DNA segments.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Which statement describes one difference between mitosis and meiosis in animal cells?

• Mitosis produces sex cells, and meiosis produces diploid cells.

• Mitosis produces haploid cells, and meiosis produces somatic cells.

• Mitosis produces four daughter cells, and meiosis produces two diploid cells.

• Mitosis produces two daughter cells, and meiosis produces four daughter cells.

Answer explanation

Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells; meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which statement best describes the process by which the millions of body cells that form a housefly can all contain the same genetic information?

• Which statement best describes the process by which the millions of body cells that form a

  housefly can all contain the same genetic information?

• Original RNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into two new cells.

• Original DNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into four new cells.

• Original RNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into four new cells.

Answer explanation

DNA replication produces two copies of genetic information that are identical to the original DNA and are distributed into two

new cells.