2022 SOL Review Warmup 1

Which of the following would be most useful in determining how modern-day lions, tigers, and domestic cats are related?

• finding fossils from each species at a certain location

• analyzing differences in the population size of each species

• measuring the heights of adult males and females of each species

• comparing amino acid sequences of a specific protein from each species

A marine food web is shown. A large decrease in the sea otter population would most likely cause the size of which of the following populations to increase the most?

• abalone

• barnacle

• kelp

• sea star

The paired chromosomes of a human male are shown below. The last pair, labeled X and Y, are the sex chromosomes. Which chromosomes did this man pass on to his daughter?

• all 46 chromosomes from all pairs, including the X chromosome

• one chromosome from each of the first 22 pairs, and the X chromosome

• one chromosome from the first 22 pairs, but none of the sex chromosomes

• all 44 chromosomes from the first pairs, but only one of the sex chromosomes

Which process is directly responsible for the formation of new root cells as a plant grows larger?

• meiosis

• mitosis

• nitrogen fixation

• osmosis

A cellular process is shown in the diagram below. What is shown in the diagram?

• New proteins are being produced.

• Cell walls are being broken down.

• New DNA molecules are being produced.

• RNA is being made from two DNA molecules.

The diagrams below show different stages in a plant cell cycle. Which set of numbers lists the diagrams in the order in which a plant cell changes as it undergoes mitosis?

• 1, 2, 3, 4

• 1, 3, 2, 4

• 2, 4, 1, 3

• 2, 1, 4, 3

Which part of a DNA molecule holds the information that is eventually translated into a protein?

• deoxyribose sugar

• hydrogen bonds

• nitrogenous bases

• phosphate ions

Glycogen is a polysaccharide stored in animal cells. When glycogen is broken down, glucose is produced. Some people’s cells are unable to break down glycogen.

Which of the following would most likely be observed in a person who is unable to break down glycogen?

• a swelling of the joints

• an inability to digest proteins

• a low energy level

• a rapid heartbeat and fast metabolism

The graph below shows the estimated number of orca whales off the coast of Washington State over a 20-year period.

Which of the following best explains the orca population changes between 1996 and 2002?

• The number of orcas born was less than the number of orcas that died.

• The number of orcas emigrating was higher than the number of orcas immigrating.

• The total number of orca births and immigrants was more than the total number of orca deaths and emigrants.

• The total number of orca births and deaths was greater than the total number of orca immigrants and emigrants.

In most stable freshwater environments, populations of Daphnia are almost entirely female and reproduce asexually. However, males are observed in low oxygen environments or when food is scarce. Based on these observations, a researcher suggests that male Daphnia develop in response to unfavorable environmental conditions. This is an example of a

• result

• theory

• procedure

• hypothesis