Virgil Book 12 (696-714)

discessere omnes medii spatiumque dedere (696): what literary devices are being used here?

• Truncated verbs

• Hyperbaton

• Emphatic placement of verbs

• Polysyndeton

deserit et muros et summas deserit arces (698): what devices are being used and to what effect?

• Anaphora - to remind us of Aeneas' tactic

• Asyndeton - to accelerate the pace

• Polysyndeton - to emphasise the responsiveness of Aeneas

• Hyperbaton - to emphasise the distance travelled

praecipitatque moras omnis, opera omnia rumpit (699): what device is not being used here?

• Hyperbaton

• Alliteration

• Emphatic placement

• Polyptoton

quantus Athos aut quantus Eryx aut ipse coruscis (701): what device is being used here and what is being compared?

• Metaphor

• Aeneas and Jupiter

• Simile

• Aeneas and mountains

cum fremit ilicibus quantus gaudetque nivali/vertice se attollens pater Appenninus ad auras (702-703): what device is being used here?

• Enjambement

• Hyperbaton

• Alliteration

• Polyptoton

iam vero et Rutuli certatim et Troes et omnes/convertere oculos Itali (704-5): what device is being used here and to what effect?

• Transferred epithet

• Polysyndeton

• Add vividness to the action

• Convey scale of action

quique alta tenebant/moenia quique imos pulsabant ariete muros (704-5): what device is being used here and to what effect?

• Anaphora

• Enjambement

• Emphasise how all are united in watching the duel

• Emphasise the amount of action taking place in a small area

armaque deposuere umeris (707): what does this symbolise?

• Resumption of fighting

• A truce

• Aggression

• Civil war

invadunt Martem (712): what is this an example of?

• Simile

• Metaphor

• Metonymy

• Sibillance

dat gemitum tellus (713): what is this an example of and what is the effect?

• Emphasises the importance of the duel

• Emphasises the volume of the noise

• Personification

• Metaphor