Quiz about Florida Biology EOC Practice Test

Question 1

Nathan is comparing the cells from a species of amoeba with a species of bacteria. Both species are unicellular, meaning individuals exist as a single cell.

Which characteristic of the cells should Nathan expect to be the same in both species?

Accepted Answer

the genetic code that is used by DNA and RNA to direct protein synthesis

Answer

the size and shape of the cell

Answer

the method of reproduction, or making more cells of the species.

Answer

the organization of DNA into structures such as chromosomes and the cell nucleus

Question 2

Water has a variety of unique properties, including a low melting point, ability to dissolve other substances, and strong adhesion and cohesion. Which statement is MOST useful for explaining the unique properties of water?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are attractive forces weaker than covalent bonds.

Answer

Water molecules are nonpolar, so a very minimal electrical force attracts them to one another.

Answer

Water molecules may sometimes gain or lose an oxygen atom to become ions, which are held together by ionic bonds.

Answer

Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are attractive forces stronger than ionic bonds.

Question 3

What is shown by the arrow labeled "Activation energy"?

Accepted Answer

the input of energy needed for the reaction to begin

Answer

the energy released by the reaction

Answer

the energy absorbed by the reaction

Answer

the sum of the energies of the reactants and products

Question 4

Which event is occurring because of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

a decrease in oxygen levels in the atmosphere

Answer

an increase in the greenhouse effect

Answer

a decrease in the thickness and size of the ozone layer

Answer

an increase in the amount of sunlight that reaches Earth's surface

Question 5

Simon is comparing the communities of living things that live in two bodies of water: a long river, and the ocean bay just beyond the mouth of the river. Comparing which of these abiotic factors would be most useful for Simon to explain the differences in the communities? Assume that the water is unaffected by pollution.

Accepted Answer

the salinity of the water

Answer

the volume of water in each ecosystem

Answer

the rate of evaporation of the water

Answer

the sediments that are deposited on the river bottom or ocean floor

Question 6

Which process occurs only in autotrophs, and never in heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

photosynthesis

Answer

protein synthesis

Answer

food digestion

Answer

cellular respiration

Question 7

The carbon cycle involves a variety of processes that transfer carbon among Earth systems. Many of these processes also transfer which other element?

Accepted Answer

oxygen, which bonds with carbon in carbon dioxide

Answer

nitrogen, which bonds with carbon in amino acids

Answer

phosphorus, which bonds with carbon in DNA

Answer

chlorine, which bonds with carbon in a variety of compounds

Question 8

A population of seals live along the rocky shores of the northern coast of California. The seals hunt and eat fish that they catch in the water. As the population increases in size, which of these events becomes more likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Competition for food acts to slow the growth rate of the population.

Answer

The seal population expands onto land, and the growth rate continues to increase.

Answer

A severe storm or a tidal wave acts to reduce the seal population by 25 percent.

Answer

Infectious diseases stop spreading through the population as the seals develop resistance to them.

Question 9

Mary is arguing that sea otters are a keystone species in the coastal ecosystem where they live. Which of the following statements provides the strongest evidence for Mary's argument?

Accepted Answer

Many other species depend either directly or indirectly on the sea otter population.

Answer

The sea otters are the largest population of mammals in the ecosystem.

Answer

Unlike other ecosystem members, sea otters spend time both in the water and on land.

Answer

The sea otter population increases or decreases with population changes of its food source.

Question 10

Jorge is studying a pond ecosystem in his neighborhood. The pond is home to a variety of plant and animal species, as well as a stop for birds that migrate through the region.

One summer, heavy rains wash an unusual amount of fertilizer into the pond. Jorge observes the algae population growing rapidly, and quickly algae cover the pond's surface. Several weeks later, many fish and other animals die in the pond. However, within two years, the algae population has returned to its previous size, as have the populations of all the ecosystem members.

Accepted Answer

The pond ecosystem is resilient to changes in many abiotic and biotic factors.

Answer

The pond ecosystem has very high biodiversity that protects it from invasive species.

Answer

The pond ecosystem can withstand only certain levels of algal growth.

Answer

The pond ecosystem may change over time, but its species will continue living there indefinitely.

Question 11

Scientists cite evidence that ocean acidification is the result of human activities. Which is part of the mechanism that is causing ocean water to become more acidic, and seems likely to continue doing so in the future?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is diffusing into the oceans and reacting with the water to form acids.

Answer

Particles from coal combustion are settling in the ocean and releasing acids into the water.

Answer

Polluted runoff from the land contains acids that are mixing into ocean water.

Answer

Underground fossil fuel deposits are leaking into the ocean, where they react with the water to form acids.

Question 12

A cell can be identified based on the structures present in the cell. What structure is common to prokaryotes, plant cells, and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

a cell membrane that surrounds the cell

Answer

DNA contained in a nucleus

Answer

a cell wall that surrounds the cell

Answer

ribosomes contained in endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

A membrane separates a concentrated glucose solution from a dilute glucose solution. The membrane is permeable to water, but not glucose. Will the water move across the membrane by osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Yes. Water moves from the dilute solution to the concentrated solution.

Answer

Yes. Water moves from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution.

Answer

Yes. Water might move in either direction across the membrane, depending on the temperature of the water.

Answer

No. Dissolved glucose does not affect osmotic pressure.

Question 14

A common chemical reaction in cells is to add a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP). What purpose does this reaction serve?

Accepted Answer

storing energy for later use by the cell

Answer

releasing energy for use by the cell

Answer

transferring phosphate groups for assembly into proteins

Answer

transferring phosphate groups for assembly into glucose

Question 15

The diagram shows a model of photosynthesis.  The left half and right half of the diagram model which stages of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions

Answer

the light-sensitive reactions and the cellular respiration reactions

Answer

the gas-dependent reactions and the liquid-dependent reactions

Answer

the thylakoid reactions and the stroma reactions

Question 16

Maxwell is evaluating the chemical equation shown below.

Which statement is most useful for Maxwell to include in his evaluation?

Accepted Answer

The equation describes the process of cellular respiration that occurs in many organisms when oxygen is available.

Answer

The equation describes the process of photosynthesis that occurs in plants and green algae when light is present.

Answer

The equation describes both the processes of cellular respiration and fermentation, both of which occur in all organisms.

Answer

The equation describes both the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, one of which occurs in all organisms.

Question 17

Many processes of cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria. Which two substances must enter the mitochondria for cellular respiration to be completed?

Accepted Answer

pyruvic acid and oxygen

Answer

carbon dioxide and oxygen

Answer

glucose and carbon dioxide

Answer

glucose and ATP

Question 18

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes use DNA to control cell activities and carry genetic information. Which is a property only of eukaryotic DNA, and not prokaryotic DNA?

Accepted Answer

The DNA is contained on many chromosomes that are separated during mitosis.

Answer

The DNA contains genes, or coding regions, that direct protein synthesis.

Answer

DNA is made of nitrogenous bases that pair together according to Chargaff's rules.

Answer

The DNA forms a circular molecule in the cytoplasm and is replicated with only one replication fork.

Question 19

Cancer is a disease in which cells divide rapidly and improperly. Which of the following events is often the cause of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A mutation changes the regulation of the cell cycle in certain cells or tissues.

Answer

The immune system begins to attack normal, healthy cells of the body.

Answer

Homeostasis fails in the blood, allowing acid levels to increase above normal tolerances.

Answer

A nondisjunction error occurs during meiosis, causing cells to appear with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Question 20

Gregor Mendel used the model of dominant and recessive forms of factors, or genes, to explain the results of his experiments on pea plants. For example, he proposed that tall plant height (T) was dominant over short height (t).

In one of Mendel's experiments, a cross between two tall plants produced both tall and short offspring in a 3:1 ratio. Which conclusion about the parent plants is supported by Mendel's model?

Accepted Answer

Both parent plants were heterozygous (Tt) for height.

Answer

Both parent plants were homozygous tall (TT).

Answer

One parent plant was homozygous tall (TT), and the other parent was homozygous short (tt).

Answer

One parent plant was homozygous tall (TT), and the other parent was heterozygous (Tt) for height.

Question 21

The diagram shows an example of anaphase, which is a stage of mitosis, as well as anaphase I, which is a stage of meiosis. Note that the diagram for anaphase I shows two pairs of homologous chromosomes, and that the chromosomes appear to align in two rows.

Which feature of anaphase I is determined randomly, meaning that it could occur normally in other ways than the diagram shows?

Accepted Answer

the positions or orientations of each pair of homologous chromosomes

Answer

the stages of meiosis that occur before and after anaphase I

Answer

the percentage of the cell's chromosomes that take part in anaphase I

Answer

the number of rows that the chromosomes form

Question 22

In multicellular organisms, a cell may make a duplicate copy of all its DNA. Soon after this copying, which of these events is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The cell divides to form two new cells.

Answer

The cell shrinks, and eventually dies.

Answer

The cell becomes very active and produces new proteins.

Answer

The cell destroys its original copy of DNA, which likely contains errors.

Question 23

During the process of DNA replication, the two strands of DNA separate at a replication fork. Which of these events occurs to the separated strands?

Accepted Answer

Each strand serves as a template to synthesize a new strand.

Answer

Each strand is broken apart and reassembled into a new DNA molecule.

Answer

One strand serves as a template to synthesize a new strand, and the other strand is changed into mRNA.

Answer

One strand serves as a template to synthesize a new strand, and the other strand is destroyed.

Question 24

What best describes the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids and helps assemble them as directed by mRNA.

Answer

tRNA edits mRNA to remove introns and join exons.

Answer

tRNA acts as an enzyme to transcribe mRNA from DNA.

Answer

tRNA carries a message from DNA to the ribosomes, where translation occurs.

Question 25

Certain genetic disorders are controlled by a recessive allele on the X chromosome. Which gender, if any, is more likely to inherit this type of disorder?

Accepted Answer

males, because they need only one copy of the allele to express the disorder

Answer

females, because they could receive the allele from either parent

Answer

females, because they need only one copy of the allele to express the disorder

Answer

neither gender, because the allele is equally likely in both genders

Question 26

With biotechnology, scientists are able to transfer the gene from one organism, such as a plant or animal, into the genome of other organisms, such as bacteria. The result is recombinant DNA, which is DNA that originated from two separate sources. What does recombinant DNA allow scientists to accomplish?

Accepted Answer

alter species to produce proteins that they would never produce naturally

Answer

change the number of chromosomes per cell of a species

Answer

change the genetic code to produce proteins that would never form naturally

Answer

form new species that receive about half of their genes from each of two parent species

Question 27

To develop his theory of evolution, Charles Darwin analyzed observations made from his round-the-world journey on the ship HMS Beagle. Why was the ship's stop on the Galapagos Islands especially important to Darwin's thinking?

Accepted Answer

Darwin observed unique island species that were similar, yet different, from one another and from species on the mainland.

Answer

Darwin observed species that were identical to species on the mainland, yet were more common on some islands than other islands.

Answer

Darwin introduced species from England to the islands, and he observed the species thrive in their new homes.

Answer

Darwin observed island species that were identical to species on islands off the coast of England.

Question 28

The diagram shows the evolutionary descent of four animals from a common ancestor. The forelimb of each animal is also shown.  Are the forelimbs an example of homologous structures or analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

homologous structures, because each of the structures evolved from the same body part of a common ancestor

Answer

analogous structures, because the structures serve a variety of functions in the animals

Answer

analogous structures, because the structures share a common evolutionary lineage

Answer

homologous structures, because their common ancestor lacked the structural features that they share

Question 29

A scientist is investigating the mutation rates of two species of reptiles. The data from the investigation would be most useful for comparing which of the following properties of the reptiles?

Accepted Answer

their genetic diversity, because mutations generally increase this diversity

Answer

their reproductive rate, because most mutations are lethal to developing embryos

Answer

their physical traits, such as body shape, because most mutations alter these traits

Answer

their behavior, such as feeding or mating, because most mutations alter senses or brain function

Question 30

A population of a frog species is introduced to an island in a tropical rain forest biome. Most of the frogs are brown, but some individuals are various shades of green and red. In their new home, green color provides camouflage, red color warns predators to stay away, while brown color provides few if any advantages.

How will body color in the frog population change over many generations? Select the prediction that is best supported by the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.

Accepted Answer

Many of the frogs will be green and many other frogs will be red, while fewer frogs will be brown, because green and red colors are adaptations in the environment.

Answer

Most of the frogs will be either green or red, because evolution always occurs in a pattern of directional selection.

Answer

Most of the frogs will remain brown, because evolution always occurs in a pattern of stabilizing selection.

Answer

Nearly all of the frogs will show mixtures or blends of all three colors, because evolution generally occurs in a pattern of stabilizing selection.

Question 31

Clams, octopuses, and snails are classified together in the same phylum, which is the phylum Mollusca. Are these animal groups also classified together in one kingdom?

Accepted Answer

Yes. All phylum members are classified together in the same kingdom.

Answer

No. Every phylum member is classified into a different kingdom.

Answer

Maybe. Some but not all phylum members are classified in the same kingdom.

Answer

Maybe. Kingdom and phylum are separate and unrelated taxa.

Question 32

The diagram is a cladogram that shows evolutionary relationships among several animal species. Consider the clade that contains the lizard and wallaby, but not the other animals listed in the diagram. What properties are common to all of the members of this clade?

Accepted Answer

Clade members develop from an amniotic egg, and may or may not use mammary glands to feed their young.

Answer

Clade members develop from an amniotic egg, but do not use mammary glands to feed their young.

Answer

Clade members have four limbs, and may or may not develop from an amniotic egg.

Answer

Clade members physically resemble either lizards or wallabies, and may or may not resemble other animals.

Question 33

Scientists hypothesize that early in Earth's history, inorganic gases in the atmosphere could have reacted with one another to form amino acids and other simple organic compounds. Is this hypothesis supported by evidence?

Accepted Answer

Yes. The Miller-Urey experiment and similar experiments show that these reactions might have occurred.

Answer

No. Scientists have tried, but failed, to re-create the chemical reactions that would have needed to occur.

Answer

Yes. Scientists have observed similar chemical reactions occurring in the atmospheres of Mars, Venus, and other planets.

Answer

No. Scientists have not observed these reactions occurring in the atmosphere of Earth or another planet.

Question 34

For much of their early history, mammals were relatively small, not diverse, and not numerous. Then circumstances changed, leading to the large populations and great diversity of mammal species today. Which was the most significant cause of the adaptive radiation that the mammals experienced?

Accepted Answer

A mass extinction killed all of the dinosaurs and many other species, opening new niches for the surviving mammals.

Answer

Earth's climate became warmer, allowing for greater plant productivity.

Answer

Volcanic eruptions increased in frequency, adding more carbon dioxide to Earth's atmosphere.

Answer

Several islands began separating from the mainland, providing the geographic isolation needed for new species to evolve.

Question 35

During a viral infection, a large number of identical copies of a virus may be present in the body of a host organism. How are these copies produced?

Accepted Answer

Viruses inject DNA or RNA into the host cells, which eventually produce more viruses.

Answer

Viruses duplicate themselves by binary fission.

Answer

Viruses assemble the copies from materials released by the host cells

Answer

Viruses inject protein and DNA into the host cells, which transform the cells into viruses.

Question 36

Hiram is using a powerful microscope to study a culture of single-celled organisms. Which observation would provide the strongest evidence that the organisms are protists, and not bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Each cell has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Answer

Each cell is surrounded by a cell wall.

Answer

The cells gather together in chains or clusters.

Answer

Each cell has a flagellum, which functions like a small tail.

Question 37

The diagram shows the structure of a flower. Could the flower remain functional if its filaments and anthers were removed?

Accepted Answer

Yes. A bird or insect could transfer pollen from another plant to the stigma.

Answer

Yes. A bird or insect could gather pollen from the stigma, and then transfer it to another flower.

Answer

No. The flower needs both its male and female structures for seeds to form and develop.

Answer

No. Although the male structures are optional, the flower needs its female structures for seeds to form.

Question 38

In many flowering plants, seeds are surrounded by large, fleshy fruits. What advantage do these types of fruits provide the plant?

Accepted Answer

The fruits attract animals, which disperse the seeds.

Answer

The fruits provide food for the developing embryos in the seeds.

Answer

The fruits generally are poisonous, which keep animals from eating the seeds.

Answer

The fruits keep the seeds warm, allowing them to germinate and grow.

Question 39

Plant stems and roots may grow longer, which is called primary growth, as well as wider, which is called secondary growth. What property do the two types of plant growth have in common?

Accepted Answer

Both are caused by cell division and differentiation in meristematic tissue.

Answer

Both are caused by cell division, without differentiation, in ground tissue.

Answer

Both involve the build-up of dead or nonliving material in the cork cambium.

Answer

Both result from direct interactions between cork cambium and vascular cambium.

Question 40

Vera is investigating the timing of events in plants, such as flowering, seed formation, and the dropping of leaves. Which plant structure or chemical component would be most useful for her to study?

Accepted Answer

hormones, which are chemical messengers between cells or tissues

Answer

ground tissue, which acts like the nervous system of a plant

Answer

waxy cuticles, which are in direct contact with the plant's environment

Answer

chloroplasts, which are the organelles where photosynthesis occurs

Question 41

The cladogram shown here describes evolutionary relationships among several vertebrate lineages. Each of the 5 labeled dots represents a derived character for a lineage. The cladogram also includes the names of 6 animal groups alive today.

The cladogram provides evidence for which conclusion about the amniotic egg?

Accepted Answer

In vertebrate evolution, the amniotic egg evolved after the trait of four limbs, but before mammary glands.

Answer

The amniotic egg was used by the most recent common ancestor of salamanders and lizards.

Answer

The amniotic egg is more important in lizards than in wallabies, but used by both.

Answer

Among vertebrates alive today, more species develop from amniotic eggs than from simpler types of eggs.

Question 42

Examples of social behaviors in animals include marking a tree to defend territory, singing a song to attract a mate, and cooperating with species members to find food or complete other tasks. Are these behaviors examples of adaptations that evolved through natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Yes. Like other adaptations, they are inheritable, selected by the organism's environment, and influenced or controlled by genes.

Answer

Yes. Like other adaptations, they help organisms survive and remain fixed and unchangeable.

Answer

No. Adaptations are structural features that help individuals survive, and do not include behaviors such as communication.

Answer

No. Behaviors are always learned, and not inherited, so they are not classified as adaptations.

Question 43

A physician obtains a tissue sample from the small intestine of a patient. The sample shows a large number of bacteria along with human cells. Which statement provides accurate information that helps the physician evaluate these findings?

Accepted Answer

Many bacteria are useful in the small intestine because they help digest food.

Answer

Bacteria are always harmful in the human body because they invade healthy tissues.

Answer

Bacteria are usually harmful in the small intestine because they take food away from the body.

Answer

Many bacteria are useful in the small intestine because, like food, they are broken apart into nutrients.

Question 44

Among the organ systems of the human body are the circulatory, respiratory, nervous, muscular, digestive, exocrine, and endocrine systems. Which of these systems is involved in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

all of the systems, because homeostasis involves many interactions to maintain constant conditions throughout the body

Answer

only the circulatory system, because homeostasis involves constant conditions in the blood

Answer

only the circulatory and respiratory systems, because homeostasis involves constant conditions of blood gases

Answer

only the endocrine system, because homeostasis depends completely on hormones

Question 45

Scientists and physicians have developed vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases. How does administering a vaccine protect the body from an infection?

Accepted Answer

The vaccine stimulates cells of the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen.

Answer

The vaccine stimulates the bone marrow to release more immune system cells, which attack and remove pathogens.

Answer

The vaccine stimulates cells of the immune system to produce antibodies against a wide variety of pathogens.

Answer

The vaccine acts like cells of the immune system by attacking a specific pathogen.

Florida Biology EOC Practice Test

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