Logical Fallacies Def. Final Quiz

What is an error in logical reasoning in an argument or a persuasive text?

• logical fallacy

• factual error

• rhetoric

When the arguer attacks the person and his/her character and not the argument. Literally means “against the person.”

• Post Hoc (Cause/Effect)

• Ad Hominem

• Circular Reasoning

• Hasty Generalization

When a person makes sweeping statements based on too little or biased evidence.

• Post Hoc (Cause/Effect)

• Ad Hominem

• Circular Reasoning

• Hasty Generalization

When a person supports a statement simply by repeating it in different words.

• Post Hoc (Cause/Effect)

• Ad Hominem

• Circular Reasoning

• Hasty Generalization

When a person attributes a cause and effect relationship without adequate evidence.

• Post Hoc (Cause/Effect)

• Ad Hominem

• Circular Reasoning

• Hasty Generalization

One of the most common fallacies used in advertising. Celebrities and doctors are used as people with opinions that should be trusted.Just because somebody “famous” or a “doctor” has an opinion, that doesn’t make it true.

• Non-Sequitur

• Either/Or (False Dichotomy)

• Appeal to Authority

• Appeal to Popularity (Bandwagon)

A statement that suggests that there are only two choices available in a situation that really offers more than two options.

• Non-Sequitur

• Either/Or (False Dichotomy)

• Appeal to Authority

• Appeal to Popularity (Bandwagon)

When the arguer reaches a conclusion that does not follow logically from the “proof” offered to support it. It literally means “not in sequence.”

• Non-Sequitur

• Either/Or (False Dichotomy)

• Appeal to Authority

• Appeal to Popularity (Bandwagon)

When the arguer encourages a belief or action because "everyone else is doing it."

• Non-Sequitur

• Either/Or (False Dichotomy)

• Appeal to Authority

• Appeal to Popularity (Bandwagon)

A course of action is rejected because, with little or no evidence, one insists that it will lead to a chain reaction resulting in an undesirable end or ends.

• Appeal to Emotion

• Red Herring

• Strawman

• Slippery Slope