EOC Prep 1/2 Review

What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"? 

• A. Enzyme 
• B. inorganic compound 
• C. Hormone 
• D. Antibody

Answer explanation

Catalyst=enzyme=protein!!!

2. Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is  the relationship between enzymes and activation energy? 

• A. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction
• B. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product.
• C. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
• D. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the  reaction. 

Answer explanation

Lower activation energy=faster reaction=easier reaction

7. The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are  involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the  connection between these two statements? 

• A. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature. 
• B. The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia. 
• C. The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action. 
• D. There is no connection between the two statements. 

Answer explanation

Remember in Osmosis Jones, Fever=DEATH! Change in body temp hurts ENZYMES.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph? 

• A. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6. 
• B. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8 
• C. The enzyme’s activity continually increases as pH increases from 5.0 to 9.0
• D. The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 than around pH of 5.0. 

Answer explanation

Change in pH is same effect as change in temp.

1. Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures  of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most  likely be affected? 

• A. The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes. 
• B. The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart. 
• C. The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70 °C. 
• D. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C.  

Answer explanation

Different temp=slower reactions

3. Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that breaks down meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and  then placed in a refrigerator, how would the enzyme be affected? 

• A. It would break down the meat more slowly. 
• B. It would disintegrate the meat.  
• C. It would break down the meat more quickly. 
• D. It would change the shape of the meat. 

Answer explanation

Change in temp=slower reactions!

4. The combined observations of Mattias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow  resulted in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory? 

• A. All cells contain a nucleus.  
• B. All cells come from other living cells. 
• C. All living organisms are made of one or more cells. 
• C. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.

Answer explanation

They used the LIGHT MICROSCOPE to compare inside different cells to see some with/some without NUCLEUS

16. Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the  following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic? 

• A. The organism’s color and mass. 
• B. The organism’s internal structures. 
• C. If the organism is unicellular or multicellular. 
• D. The methods the organism uses to feed and move. 

Answer explanation

The internal structure to look for is the NUCLEUS.

Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

• A. acridine orange
• B. osmium tetraoxide 
• C. eosin 
• D. Nile blue  

Answer explanation

KEY DIFFERENCE IN PRO/EU IS NUCLEUS OR NOT.

Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

• bacteria
• B. plants only  
• C. animals only  
• D. both plant and animal cells

Answer explanation

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic