2022 FINAL Exam Review: Earth & Space Science

Denver, Colorado is a popular summer vacation destination because of its beautiful scenery and weather. The graphs below show the average temperature range and average precipitation in Denver.

Which data would you use to make a statement about Denver's climate?

• the average temperature range

• the average monthly precipitation

• the highest values for each of the graphs

• a combination of all the data on the graphs

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Kumar is studying how plant growth is affected by the temperature of the soil. The following picture shows his experiment.

Which of the following processes is mainly responsible for warming the soil?

• conduction

• convection

• expansion

• radiation

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Generally, a planet’s surface temperature varies with its distance from the sun. The table shows the distances of several planets from the sun. DISTANCE OF THE PLANETS FROM THE SUN

 

Planet

Distance from Sun (AU)

Earth

1.00

Mars

1.52

Jupiter

5.20

Saturn

9.54

  

Based on their distance from the sun which of the following planets should have the lowest surface temperature?

• Earth

• Mars

• Jupiter

• Saturn

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Marsha places a sealed plastic bottle of water in a freezer. The next day she discovers that the water has frozen and split the sides of the bottle. What process does this phenomenon best represent?

• chemical weathering

• deposition

• mountain building

• physical weathering

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Throughout history, several different models of the solar system have been proposed. One such model is shown below. 

According to a heliocentric model of the solar system, what should be located at position Q on the diagram?

• Earth

• Jupiter

• the sun

• the moon

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The diagram summarizes what happens to solar radiation that reaches Earth from the Sun.

Based on the diagram, what is the atmosphere’s role in determining the characteristics of Earth?

• The atmosphere reflects most of the Sun’s radiation, preventing Earth from heating up.

• The atmosphere transmits all of the Sun’s radiation that strikes it, heating Earth’s surface.

• The atmosphere blocks most of the Sun’s radiation from reaching Earth’s surface, keeping temperatures cool.

• The atmosphere absorbs a portion of the Sun’s radiation, keeping temperatures warm enough for life to exist.

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Energy from the Sun warms the land and water on the surface of Earth. The heat energy in Earth’s surface then transfers to the air directly above it. The air above the land heats up faster than the air above the water.

Which statement explains how this transfer of heat energy causes wind?

• It causes the air above land to rise and the cooler, heavier air to rush in and take its place.

• It causes the air above land to push the cooler, heavier air out of place.

• It causes the air above land to move slower than the air above water.

• It causes the air above land to collide with cooler, heavier air.

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Jacob says that science is just a huge collection of unchangeable facts. Why is he wrong?

• Science includes not just facts but also concepts.

• Science is the organized collection of those unchangeable facts.

• Science facts can be changed as long as all scientists agree about the change.

• Science is a process that allows for ideas to be changed as new evidence is presented.

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The table compares the average temperatures on three inner planets of the solar system.

 

Assume all three planets receive roughly the same amount of radiation from the Sun. Based on the data, which of the following is a reasonable conclusion?

• Earth’s temperature would be cooler without carbon dioxide in its atmosphere.

• More carbon dioxide would form in Earth’s atmosphere if it were warmer.

• Earth’s atmosphere would be thinner if it contained more carbon dioxide.

• Carbon dioxide prevents the Sun’s heat from reaching Earth’s surface.

Maria and Lauren are preparing for the Science Fair. They want to learn about how fast a rose bush grows. They choose plants of equal height and each student takes one bush home. They agree to grow their plant inside and to give it 25 milliliters (mL) of water every other day. After one month, the girls compare their results. They find that Maria's plant has grown much taller than Lauren's. The girls are confused by these results.

                                                 

What should the girls have done differently to ensure their methods were similar?

• chosen a different plant to work with

• controlled other variables such as how much sunlight the plants got

• recorded the heights of the plants every day of the month

• used better soil with more organic matter in it

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