Immunity

A 6-year-old child ate a peanut butter sandwich at snack time in school. Five minutes later, her throat became swollen and she collapsed. This allergic reaction occurred because her body

• recognized an antigen in peanut butter and produced antibiotics against it

• digested the white blood cells that can recognize an antigen in peanut butter

• did not recognize an antigen in peanut butter and could not produce antibodies against it

• recognized an antigen in peanut butter and produced an immune response

An activity that occurs in the human body is shown.

This activity helps to

• provide protection against pathogens

• produce antibiotics to control disease

• eliminate harmful gene alterations

• regulate production of ATP by the cell

Allergic reactions are most closely associated with

• the action of circulating hormones

• a low blood sugar level

• immune responses to usually harmless substances

• the shape of red blood cells

A dead or weakened pathogen used to establish immunity would most likely be found in

• a pesticide

• an antibiotic

• a vaccine

• a toxin

The virus that causes AIDS is damaging to the body because it

• targets cells that fight invading microbes

• attacks specific red blood cells

• causes an abnormally high insulin level

• prevents the normal transmission of nerve impulses

An individual recovers from the common cold, which is caused by rhinovirus A. The person then becomes infected with the avian influenza virus, which causes the bird flu. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen to this person?

• He will have the symptoms of the bird flu because he is not immune to the avian influenza virus.

• He will have the symptoms of the common cold because he is not immune to the avian influenza virus.

• He will not have the symptoms of the bird flu because he is immune to rhinovirus A.

• He will not have the symptoms of the common cold because the avian influenza virus causes it.

The human immune system fights infection by releasing

• ATPs

• antibiotics

• antibodies

• antigens

Which statement best describes what will most likely happen when an individual receives a vaccination containing a weakened pathogen?

• The ability to fight disease will increase due to antibodies received from the pathogen.

• The ability to fight disease caused by the pathogen will increase due to antibody production.

• The ability to produce antibodies will decrease after the vaccination.

• The ability to resist most types of diseases will increase.

Which disease damages the human immune system, leaving the body open to certain infectious agents?

• flu

• AIDS

• chicken pox

• pneumonia

Rejection of a newly transplanted organ is caused by

• the immune system reacting to the presence of the organ

• antibiotics that stimulate the immune system to attack the organ

• inheritance of genetic disorders from infected individuals

• development of cancerous cells in the organ