Semester 2 exam preparation - Chapter 16

Who observed variations in the characteristics of plants and animals on different islands of the Galapagos?

• James Hutton

• Charles Lyell

• Charles Darwin

• Thomas Malthus

In addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called

• fossils.

• adaptations.

• homologies.

• vestigial structures.

Which of the following ideas proposed by Lamarck was later found to be incorrect?

• Acquired characteristics can be inherited.

• All species are descended from other species.

• Living things change over time.

• There is a relationship between an organism and its environment.

Which of the following would an animal breeder use to increase the number of cows that give the most milk?

• Overproduction

• Genetic isolation

• Acquired characteristics

• Artificial selection

What was NOT one of the patterns of biodiversity noted by Darwin?

• Species vary globally

• Species vary in families

• Species vary locally

• Species vary over time

_______ is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

• Adaptation

• Evolution

• Natural selection

• Science

________ concluded that the earth is extremely old and that the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present.

• Darwin

• Lamarck

• Malthus

• Hutton and Lyell

What is NOT a condition where natural selection occurs?

• More individuals are born than can survive.

• Breeders select animals with best traits.

• There is natural heritable variation.

• There is variable fitness among individuals.

An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is called a(n)

• vestigial structure

• adaptation

• speciation

• analogous structure

How well an organism survives and reproduces in its environment can be described as its

• fitness

• homologous

• common descent

• analogies