Bio mol (FMVB)

The central dogma of molecular biology states that:

• DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is translated into proteins

• RNA is translated into DNA which codes for proteins

• Proteins encode DNA

• DNA is translated into RNA which is then transcribed into proteins

• There is no association between sequences of DNA and protein

The majority of eucatiote DNA is found in the nucleus:

• and in smalled quantity in mitochondria and chloroplasts which have their own DNA

• and is not found ealsewere in the cell

• in single stranded form

• and also in vesicles like lysosomes

• in a similar manner to prokariotes

mRNA

• is made in the nucleus then transported into the cytoplasm (except histone mRNA)

• and is not found ealsewere in the cell

• in single stranded form

• and also in vesicles like lysosomes

• brings aminoacids to the ribosomes

The four bases that make a DNA sequence are:

• adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C)

• adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U) and cytosine (C)

• arginine (A), tyrosine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C)

• adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G) and cytosine (C).

• alanine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cysteine (C).

RNA doesn’t contain thymine bases, replacing them with:

• uracil bases (U), which pair to adenine

• uracil bases (U), which pair to guanine

• uracil bases (U), which pair to cytosine

• 5-methylcytosine

• 7-N-methylguanine

The purine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are:

• adenine and guanine

• adenine and thymine

• adenine and cytosine

• cytosine and thymine

• cytosine and guanine

The monomer of nucleic acids is:

• the nucleotide

• the nucleoside

• the nitrogenous base

• the aminoacids

• monosaccharides

The structure of a nucleotide consists from:

• three components: a phosphate group, a pentose and a nitrogenous base

• three components: a phosphate group, a hexose, a nitrogenous base

• three components: a sulphate group, a hexose and a nitrogenous base

• four components: an aminoacid, a phosphate group, a pentose and a nitrogenous base

• two components: a pentose and a nitrogenous base

Both DNA and RNA are built with a sugar backbone, made of:

• deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA

• six carbon atom rings in both cases

• deoxyribose in RNA and ribose in DNA

• glucose

• fructose

In order to synthesize a DNA sequence one type of nucleotide you would need is:

• dATP

• dAMP

• dADP

• ATP

• ADP