Coastal Engineering

Which is NOT a management strategy for defending the coast?

• Hard engineering

• Soft engineering

• Managed engineering

• Managed retreat

Groynes are an effective technique because they slow down the process of what occurring?

• Transportation

• Longshore drift

• Nearshore drift

• Deposition

How do groynes work to protect the coastline?

• They trap sediment by slowing down longshore drift, thereby building up a wide beach

• They absorb wave energy so that the cliffs behind are protected

• They act as a hard rock barrier at foot of cliff to provide a buffer again the sea

• They allow rapid longshore drift along the coastline

What is the main disadvantage of using groynes?

• They can starve other beaches of sediment

• Look ugly and unnatural

• Expensive

Which two coastal management structures can you see

• Sea wall and gabions

• Groyne and rock armour

• Gabions and groynes

• Sea wall and rock armour

A recurved sea wall is effective because it...

• Is not particularly expensive

• Stops erosion of the coastline

• Deflects wave energy back out to sea

What are gabions?

• A type of sea wall

• Barriers at right angles to the beach

• Boulders

• Steel mesh cages filled with rocks

Why are hard engineering approaches less commonly used now? (Choose 2)

• They are cheaper and don't last for long

• They are expensive and involve high maintenance costs

• They can cause accelerated erosion rates further down the coastline and look unnatural

• Most coastal areas do not have valuable land and property to protect

Which one of the following is a soft engineering technique?

• Groynes
• Dune stabilisation
• Rip rap
• Revetments

Which of these is NOT a soft engineering strategy?

• Beach nourishment

• Beach reprofiling

• Sand dune regeneration

• Gabions