Cell Organelles and Functions (Living Environment Regents)

Which process takes place in structure A?

• cellular respiration

• photosynthesis

• digestion of fats

• protein synthesis

Answer explanation

(A) is a Mitochondria - The POWERHOUSE of the cell. It releases energy through the process of Cellular Respiration.

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Which cell organelle is most directly involved with the bonding of amino acids?

• endoplasmic reticulum

• Ribosomes

• mitochondrion

• Cell Wall

Answer explanation

Ribosomes use the instructions in RNA to make Amino Acids.

Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that the muscle cells in athletes

• have nuclei containing more DNA than nuclei in the muscle cells of nonathletes

• have a smaller demand for cell proteins than the muscle cells of nonathletes

• reproduce less frequently than the muscle cells of nonathletes

• have a greater demand for energy than the muscle cells of nonathletes

Answer explanation

More Mitochondria means more energy.

Athletes muscles need more energy than non-athletes because they are working hard.

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Which letter in the diagram below indicates an organelle that functions primarily in the synthesis of long chains of amino acids?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Answer explanation

Ribosomes look like tiny dots in a cell.

They use the instructions in RNA to make long chains of amino acids called proteins.

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What is common to all cells?

• All cells are photosynthetic

• All cells have a nucleus

• All cells have a cell wall

• All cells divide to form new cells

Answer explanation

The Nucleus controls all of the functions of a cell.

It is like the brain of the cell.

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Which cellular organelle is represented by the diagram below?

• plasma membrane

• cell wall

• molecules

• protein

Answer explanation

Plasma Membrane is another way of saying Cell Membrane.

It has a lipid bi-layer (two fat layers) and controls the movement in and out of the cell.

Proteins, and molecules are not even organelles. Read carefully!

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Certain poisons are toxic to organisms because they interfere with the function of enzymes in mitochondria. This results directly in the inability of the cell to

• dispose of metabolic wastes

• build proteins

• release energy from nutrients

• store information

Answer explanation

Mitochondria release energy from nutrients using the process of Cellular Respiration.

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One difference between plant and animal cells is that animal cells do not have

• a cell membrane

• a nucleus

• centrioles

• chloroplasts

Answer explanation

Three major differences between Plant and Animal Cells are the Cell Wall, Vacuole, and Chloroplast.

The Chloroplast is where Photosynthesis takes place and Glucose is made.

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Which letter indicates a cell structure that directly controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell?

• Q

• R

• S

• T

Answer explanation

The Cell Membrane transports things into and out of the cell.

Active transport uses ATP to move things from Low to High Concentration.

Osmosis and Diffusion do not use ATP and move things from High to Low Concentration.

After a cell was treated with a certain chemical, the ribosomes stopped functioning. Which cell activity was immediately affected by this change in ribosome function?

• excretion of metabolic wastes

• intracellular transport

• protein synthesis

• aerobic respiration

Answer explanation

Ribosomes are in charge of making Amino Acid chains called Proteins.