Quiz about Science Final Review - Key Concepts

Question 1

A car mechanic had a sealed bucket containing a substance in the gas phase. She left the bucket outside over the weekend. When she returned, the substance had changed phase, and the substance was in the liquid phase. What happened to the molecules of this substance?

Accepted Answer

Before the mechanic left, the molecules were moving away from each other. When she returned, they were moving around each other.

Answer

Before the mechanic left, the molecules were moving around each other. When she returned, they were moving in place.

Answer

Before the mechanic left, the molecules were moving around each other. When she returned, they were moving away from each other.

Answer

Before the mechanic left, the molecules were moving in place. When she returned, they were moving around each other.

Question 2

Workers find two substances. One is a toxic chemical. The other is a safe chemical. Both chemicals are liquids at room temperature. As a test, the workers transfer the same amount of energy out of the two containers and find that only the toxic chemical changes phase. How is the toxic chemical different from the safe chemical?

The toxic chemical has a . . .

Accepted Answer

stronger attraction between its molecules than the safe chemical. Its molecules now move in place.

Answer

weaker attraction between its molecules than the safe chemical. Its molecules now move in place.

Answer

weaker attraction between its molecules than the safe chemical. Its molecules now move around each other.

Answer

stronger attraction between its molecules than the safe chemical. Its molecules now move away from each other.

Question 3

Cesar and Ming were investigating a see-through container of water. Water can be a solid, liquid, or gas. At first, Cesar and Ming said the water molecules were moving in place. Later , the water molecules were moving around each other. What change did they observe to the water?

Accepted Answer

At first, the water was a solid. Later, it was a liquid.

Answer

At first, the water was a gas. Later, it was a liquid.

Answer

At first, the water was a liquid. Later, it was a solid.

Answer

At first, the water was a liquid. Later, it was a gas.

Question 4

The image above shows information about two different substances in sealed containers. At room temperature, both substances are liquids. A scientist transfers the same amount of energy into both substances. One substance changes phase, but the other does not. Which chemical changed phase, and why did it change?

Accepted Answer

Substance A changed phase because its molecules were able to move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. Its molecules now move away from each other.

Answer

Substance A changed phase because the weak attraction between its molecules allowed them move faster. Its molecules now move away from each other.

Answer

Substance B changed phase because the molecules were able to move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. Its molecules now move away from each other.

Answer

Substance B changed phase because the strong attraction between molecules made their movement slower. Its molecules now move in place.

Question 5

A student left a jar of water outside his home. Water can be a solid, liquid, or gas. When he put the jar outside, the water was liquid. Twelve hours later, the water had changed phase and was a gas. What happened to the water molecules?

Accepted Answer

When the student left the jar outside, the molecules were moving around each other. Later, the molecules were moving away from each other.

Answer

When the student left the jar outside, the molecules were moving around each other. Later, the molecules were moving in place.

Answer

When the student left the jar outside, the molecules were moving away from each other. Later, the molecules were moving around each other.

Answer

When the student left the jar outside, the molecules were moving in place. Later, the molecules were moving around each other.

Question 6

Detectives find two substances at a crime scene. One is a poison, and the other is a cleaning chemical. At room temperature, both substances are liquids. To test the substances, the detectives transfer the same amount of energy into both substances, but only the cleaning chemical changes phase. How is the cleaning chemical different from the poison?

The cleaning chemical has a . . .

Accepted Answer

weaker attraction between its molecules than the poison. Its molecules now move away from each other.

Answer

weaker attraction between its molecules than the poison. Its molecules now move in place.

Answer

stronger attraction between its molecules than the poison. Its molecules now move away from each other.

Answer

stronger attraction between its molecules than the poison. Its molecules now move around each other.

Question 7

Scientists have a container of water. Water can be a solid, liquid, or gas. At first, the water molecules in the container were moving around each other. Later, the water molecules were moving in place. What change did the scientists observe?

Accepted Answer

At first, the water was a liquid. After, it was a solid.

Answer

At first, the water was a gas. After, it was a liquid.

Answer

At first, the water was a solid. After, it was a liquid.

Answer

At first, the water was a liquid. After, it was a gas.

Question 8

The diagram above shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up two samples. Will the properties of the two samples likely be the same or different? (Examples of properties are smell, color, and the temperature at which a substance melts.)

Accepted Answer

The properties will likely be different because the repeating groups of atoms that make up each sample are different.

Answer

The properties will likely be different because there are more repeating groups of atoms in Sample 2.

Answer

The properties will likely be the same because the repeating groups of atoms that make up the two samples have one of the same types of atoms.

Answer

The properties will likely be the same because the repeating groups of atoms that make up the two samples have the same number of atoms.

Question 9

A company that makes frying pans needs to create a new substance to coat the pans. The substance must have a high melting point. To create this new substance, workers mixed together two substances that melt at low temperatures in a sealed container. The diagram above shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up the two starting substances.

After mixing, the workers found two substances that melt at higher temperatures in the sealed container. (Nothing had escaped.) Which of the diagrams to the left shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up the ending substances?

Accepted Answer

Option A is correct

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 10

The diagram above shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up two samples. Both samples are gases at room temperature. Will the other properties of the samples likely be the same or different? (Examples of properties are smell, color, and the temperature at which a substance melts.)

Accepted Answer

The other properties will likely be different because the repeating groups of atoms that make up the two samples have different numbers of atoms.

Answer

The other properties will likely be the same because the repeating groups of atoms that make up the two samples have the same types of atoms.

Answer

The other properties will likely be the same because both samples are gases at room temperature.

Answer

The other properties will likely be different because there are more repeating groups of atoms in Sample 1.

Question 11

Andres is a chemist working at a company that makes ink. To make a new kind of ink, Andres mixed two liquid substances together in a sealed container. The diagram above shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up the two starting substances.

After mixing, Andres found two solid substances in the sealed container. (Nothing had escaped.) Which of the diagrams to the left shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up the ending substances?

Accepted Answer

Option A is correct

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 12

The diagram above shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up two samples. Both samples are solids at room temperature. Will the other properties of the two samples likely be the same or different? (Examples of properties are smell, color, and the temperature at which a substance melts.)

Accepted Answer

The other properties will likely be different because the repeating groups of atoms that make up the two samples have different numbers of atoms.

Answer

The other properties will likely be different because there are more repeating groups of atoms in Sample 2.

Answer

The other properties will likely be the same because the repeating groups of atoms that make up the two samples have the same types of atoms.

Answer

The other properties will likely be the same because both samples are solids at room temperature.

Question 13

Jacob mixed two samples together: a colorless gas with no smell and a colorless liquid that smells like bleach. He analyzed the results and found two ending substances. One of the ending substances was a green gas. This ending substance is made up of the repeating group of atoms shown above. Which of the diagrams to the left shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up the samples Jacob mixed together?

Accepted Answer

Option B is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 14

Paula works at a paint company and is developing new ingredients to make paint safer to use. She mixed two colorless substances together in a sealed container. The diagram above shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up the two starting substances.

After mixing, Paula found two yellow substances in the sealed container. (Nothing had escaped.) Which of the diagrams to the left shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up the ending substances?

Accepted Answer

Option C is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

B.

Answer

D.

Question 15

The diagram above shows the repeating groups of atoms that make up two samples. Both samples are red powdery solids at room temperature. Will the other properties of the two samples be the same or different? (Examples of properties are smell, color, and the temperature at which a substance melts.)

Accepted Answer

The other properties will be same because the repeating groups of atoms that make up the two samples are the same.

Answer

The other properties will be different because there are more repeating groups of atoms in Sample 1.

Answer

The other properties will be the same because both samples are red at room temperature.

Answer

The other properties will be the same because both samples are powdery solids at room temperature.

Question 16

Dylan puts two magnetic toy trains very close to each other on a track. What will happen next, and why?

Accepted Answer

The trains will move away from each other because the magnetic force will push the trains apart.

Answer

The trains will not move because the magnets are not touching.

Answer

The trains will move closer to each other because the magnetic force will pull the trains together.

Answer

The trains will move away from each other because the magnets are not touching.

Question 17

Dakota moves a magnetic toy train toward a magnet that cannot move. What happens to the potential energy in the system of magnets during the movement?

Accepted Answer

The potential energy increases because the train moves against the magnetic force.

Answer

The potential energy decreases because the train moves against the magnetic force.

Answer

The potential energy decreases because the train moves in the same direction as the magnetic force.

Answer

The potential energy does not change because the magnets in the system do not change.

Question 18

Francisco is holding two magnets close to each other. What will happen when he lets go?

Accepted Answer

The magnets will move away from each other because the magnetic force will push the magnets apart.

Answer

The magnets will move closer to each other because the magnetic force will pull the magnets together.

Answer

The magnets will not move because the magnets are not touching.

Answer

The magnets will move away from each other because the magnets are not touching.

Question 19

In a computer simulation, Noni moves a magnet (Magnet 1) away from another magnet (Magnet 2) that cannot move. Which statement accurately describes the change in potential energy?

Accepted Answer

The potential energy increases because Magnet 1 moves against the magnetic force.

Answer

The potential energy does not change because the magnets in the system do not change.

Answer

The potential energy decreases because Magnet 1 moves in the same direction as the magnetic force.

Answer

The potential energy decreases because Magnet 1 moves against the magnetic force.

Question 20

An engineer is investigating potential energy with two identical magnetic roller coaster cars on different sides of a center magnet that cannot move. For the experiment, the engineer will move one car one space. Which movement will result in the largest increase in potential energy?

Accepted Answer

Moving the Car 1 car one space toward the center magnet.

Answer

Moving the Car 2 one space toward the center magnet.

Answer

Moving the Car 1 one space away from the center magnet

Answer

All these movements will result in the same change in potential energy because they each move a car the same distance.

Question 21

Cecilia puts two magnetic toy trains very close to each other on a track. What will happen next, and why?

Accepted Answer

The trains will move away from each other because the magnetic force will push the trains apart.

Answer

The trains will not move because the magnets are not touching.

Answer

The trains will move closer to each other because the magnetic force will pull the trains together.

Answer

The trains will move away from each other because the magnets are not touching.

Question 22

Katrina moves a magnetic toy train toward a magnet that cannot move. What happens to the potential energy in the system of magnets during the move?

Accepted Answer

The potential energy increases because the train moves against the magnetic force.

Answer

The potential energy decreases because the train moves against the magnetic force.

Answer

The potential energy decreases because the train moves in the same direction as the magnetic force.

Answer

The potential energy does not change because the magnets in the system do not change.

Question 23

Jerome puts two magnetic vehicles very close to each other. What will happen next, and why?

Accepted Answer

The magnetic vehicles will move away from each other because the magnetic force will push the vehicles apart.

Answer

The magnetic vehicles will not move because the magnets are not touching.

Answer

The magnetic vehicles will move closer to each other because the magnetic force will pull the vehicles together.

Answer

The magnetic vehicles will move away from each other because the magnets are not touching.

Question 24

A population of tigers lives in Bangladesh. Over 50 years, the size of the tiger population increased. What best explains the increase in the size of the tiger population?

Accepted Answer

More tigers were born than died.

Answer

A lot of tigers were born and none of them died.

Answer

The tiger population is always increasing because no animal eats tigers.

Answer

Fewer tigers were born than died.

Question 25

Scientists have been studying the size of three populations in a grassland. In this ecosystem, lizards eat fireflies, and fireflies eat gnats (a type of insect). The data showed that all three populations were stable. Then the lizard population decreased suddenly. What will most likely happen to the size of the firefly population as a result?

Accepted Answer

increase. The smaller lizard population will need fewer energy storage molecules so they will eat fewer fireflies. This will lead to fewer deaths than births in the firefly population.

Answer

increase. The smaller lizard population will leave more energy storage molecules available for the firefly population to reproduce more. This will lead to more births in the firefly population.

Answer

stay the same. The size of its resource population did not change, so the amount of energy storage molecules available for the fireflies did not change. There will be the same number of births and deaths in the firefly population.

Answer

decrease. A decrease in any population causes a decrease in the sizes of all other populations in the ecosystem.

Question 26

In Australia, both opossums and foxes eat rats. The sizes of the populations have been stable for the last 12 years, but recently the size of the opossum population increased. What will likely happen to the fox population? The size of the fox population will . . .

Accepted Answer

decrease. Fewer energy storage molecules will be available to the fox population from the smaller rat population, so the fox population will reproduce less. This will lead to fewer births than deaths in the fox population.

Answer

increase. An increase in the size of any population leads to an increase in the sizes of all other populations in an ecosystem.

Answer

stay the same. Opossums and foxes do not eat each other, so the number of births and deaths in the fox population will stay the same.

Answer

decrease. The larger opossum population will leave fewer energy storage molecules for all other populations in the ecosystem, so the fox population will reproduce less. This will lead to fewer births than deaths in the fox population.

Question 27

A population of bluefish lives in the Gulf of Mexico. Over the last 50 years, the size of the bluefish population has decreased. What best explains the decrease in the size of the bluefish population?

Accepted Answer

Fewer bluefish were born than died.

Answer

A lot of bluefish died and no new bluefish were born.

Answer

More bluefish were born than died.

Answer

The bluefish population is always decreasing because bluefish are always being eaten.

Question 28

Scientists have been studying the size of three populations in a region. In this ecosystem, lions eat wild pigs, and wild pigs eat frogs. The data showed that all three populations were stable. Then the frog population decreased suddenly. What will likely happen to the size of the wild pig population as a result? The size of the wild pig population will . . .

Accepted Answer

decrease. The smaller frog population will provide fewer energy storage molecules for the wild pig population, so the wild pig population will reproduce less. This will lead to fewer births than deaths in the wild pig population.

Answer

increase. The smaller frog population will need fewer energy storage molecules so there will be more energy storage molecules available to the wild pig population. This will lead to more births in the wild pig population.

Answer

decrease. A decrease in any population causes a decrease in the sizes of all other populations in an ecosystem.

Answer

stay the same. The size of their consumer population did not change, so the number of deaths in the wild pig population did not change. There will be the same number of births and deaths in the wild pig population.

Question 29

In the Arctic Ocean, sharks eat whales, and whales eat crabs. In the last 10 years, the sizes of the populations have been stable, but recently the size of the crab population increased. What will likely happen to the shark population? The size of the shark population will . . .

Accepted Answer

increase. More energy storage molecules will be available to the shark population from the larger whale population, so the shark population will reproduce more. This will lead to more births than deaths in the shark population.

Answer

decrease. The larger crab population will leave fewer energy storage molecules available in the ecosystem for the shark population, so there would be fewer births in the shark population.

Answer

increase. An increase in the size of any population leads to an increase in the sizes of all other populations in an ecosystem.

Answer

stay the same. Sharks do not eat crabs, so the number of births and deaths in the shark population will stay the same.

Question 30

A large population of ducks lives in an area with a lake. In the last 40 years, the size of the duck population has stayed the same. What must be true about the duck population during the last 40 years?

Accepted Answer

The number of ducks that were born was the same as the number of ducks that died.

Answer

No ducks were born and no ducks died.

Answer

Humans started protecting the duck population so they stopped dying.

Answer

The ducks did not have any baby ducks during these years.

Question 31

Scientists have been studying the size of three populations in a swampland. In this ecosystem, herons (a type of bird) eat frogs, and frogs eat dragonflies. The data showed that all three populations were stable. Then the dragonfly population increased suddenly. What will likely happen to the frog population as a result? The size of the frog population will . . .

Accepted Answer

increase. The larger dragonfly population will provide more energy storage molecules for the frog population, so they will reproduce more. This will lead to more births than deaths in the frog population.

Answer

increase. An increase in any population within an ecosystem causes an increase in the sizes of all other populations in an ecosystem.

Answer

stay the same. The size of its consumer population did not change, so the number of deaths in the frog population did not change. There will be the same number of births and deaths in the frog population.

Answer

decrease. The larger dragonfly population will take more energy storage molecules from the ecosystem, leaving fewer available for the frog population. This will lead to fewer births in the frog population.

Question 32

In North America, both bears and eagles eat trout. The sizes of the populations have been stable for the last 9 years, but recently the size of the eagle population decreased. What will likely happen to the bear population? The size of the bear population will . . .

Accepted Answer

increase. More energy storage molecules will be available to the bear population from the larger trout population, so the bear population will reproduce more. This will lead to more births than deaths in the bear population.

Answer

stay the same. Eagles and bears do not eat each other, so the number of births and deaths in the bear population will stay the same.

Answer

increase. The smaller eagle population will leave more energy storage molecules for all other populations in the ecosystem, so all populations will reproduce more. This will lead to more births in the bear population.

Answer

decrease. A decrease in the size of one population leads to a decrease in the sizes of all other populations in an ecosystem.

Question 33

A population of mice lives in the northeastern United States. Over the last 50 years, the size of the mouse population decreased. What best explains the decrease in the size of the mouse population?

Accepted Answer

Fewer mice were born than died.

Answer

A lot of mice died and no new mice were born.

Answer

More mice were born than died.

Answer

The mouse population is always decreasing because mice are always being eaten.

Question 34

Algae are plantlike organisms that live in the water. These algae have been in sunlight for several hours now. What can the algae do because they are in sunlight? What does this mean for the number of energy storage molecules in the algae? The algae can . . .

Accepted Answer

take in carbon from the air. The carbon is used to make energy storage molecules.

Answer

take in carbon from the air. The carbon is used to break down energy storage molecules.

Answer

give off carbon to the air. Giving off carbon allows them to make energy storage molecules.

Answer

give off carbon to the air. Giving off carbon uses up energy storage molecules.

Question 35

Dugongs are animals that live in the ocean and eat underwater grasses. The sun is shining on the shallow ocean water where the grasses and dugongs live. What is happening to the carbon in the water around the grasses and the dugongs? Is carbon moving into the water, moving out of the water, or both?

Accepted Answer

Carbon is moving into the water and out of the water, at the same time.

Answer

Carbon is not moving into the water; it is only moving out of the water.

Answer

With this information, there is no way to know for sure.

Answer

Carbon is only moving into the water; it is not moving out of the water.

Question 36

A scientist built a model ecosystem that contains air, plants, and animals that eat those plants. It is sealed so no material can get in or out, but the glass sides allow light to get in. The model ecosystem can also be covered to prevent light from entering.

The amount of carbon in the air inside the model ecosystem started out high. Now the amount of carbon in the air is decreasing. Is the model ecosystem now in sunlight or is it covered? What is happening to the number of energy storage molecules in the plants and animals as a result?

Accepted Answer

The model ecosystem is in sunlight, and there are more energy storage molecules in the plants and animals.

Answer

The model ecosystem is in sunlight, and there are fewer energy storage molecules in the plants and animals.

Answer

The model ecosystem is covered so no light gets in, and there are fewer energy storage molecules in the plants and animals.

Answer

The model ecosystem is covered so no light gets in, and there are more energy storage molecules in the plants and animals.

Question 37

Hippos spend most of their time in rivers, but they come out of the water to eat grass. Right now, it's the middle of the night. The sun is not shining, and the hippos are not eating. What is happening to the carbon in the air around the hippos and the grass nearby?

Accepted Answer

Carbon is only moving into the air; it is not moving out of the air.

Answer

Carbon is not moving into the air; it is only moving out of the air.

Answer

With this information, there is no way to know for sure.

Answer

Carbon is moving into the air and out of the air, at the same time.

Question 38

Julietta has a glass ball filled with water. In the water are tiny plants and shrimp that eat the plants. No material can get in or out, but sunlight can get through the glass.

The glass ball can also be covered to prevent light from entering. The number of energy storage molecules in the plants and shrimp started out low but now it is increasing. Is the glass ball in sunlight or is it covered? What is happening to the carbon in the water inside the glass ball?

Accepted Answer

The glass ball is in sunlight, and there is less carbon in the water now than there was before.

Answer

The glass ball is covered so no light gets in, and there is more carbon in the water now than there was before.

Answer

The glass ball is covered so no light gets in, and there is less carbon in the water now than there was before.

Answer

The glass ball is in sunlight, and there is more carbon in the water now than there was before.

Question 39

Some trees are taking in carbon from the air around them. Are the trees in sunlight? What is happening to the number of energy storage molecules in the trees? The trees . . .

Accepted Answer

are in sunlight, and the number of energy storage molecules in the trees is increasing.

Answer

are not in sunlight, and the number of energy storage molecules in the trees is decreasing.

Answer

are not in sunlight, and the number of energy storage molecules in the trees is increasing.

Answer

are in sunlight, and the number of energy storage molecules in the trees is decreasing.

Question 40

Parrotfish live in the ocean and eat plantlike organisms called algae. Sunlight is shining on the fish and the algae. Is carbon moving into the living things, moving out of the living things, or both?

Accepted Answer

Carbon is moving into and out of the living things, at the same time.

Answer

Carbon is only moving into the living things; it is not moving out of them.

Answer

Carbon is only moving out of the living things; it is not moving into them.

Answer

There is no way to know for sure, with this information.

Question 41

Bonnie has an aquarium filled with water, plants, and fish that eat those plants. It is sealed so no material can get in or out, but the glass sides allow light to get in. The aquarium can also be covered to prevent light from entering.

The amount of carbon in the water started out low. Now, the amount of carbon in the water is increasing. Is the aquarium now in light or is it covered? What is happening to the number of energy storage molecules in the living things?

Accepted Answer

The aquarium is covered (so it's dark), and there are fewer energy storage molecules in the living things.

Answer

The aquarium is covered (so it's dark), and there are more energy storage molecules in the living things.

Answer

The aquarium is in the light, and there are more energy storage molecules in the living things.

Answer

The aquarium is in the light, and there are fewer energy storage molecules in the living things.

Question 42

Some rice plants on a hillside are taking in carbon from the air around them. Are the plants in sunlight? What is happening to the number of energy storage molecules in the plants? The plants . . .

Accepted Answer

are in sunlight, and the number of energy storage molecules in the plants is increasing.

Answer

are not in sunlight, and the number of energy storage molecules in the plants is increasing.

Answer

are in sunlight, and the number of energy storage molecules in the plants is decreasing.

Answer

are not in sunlight, and the number of energy storage molecules in the plants is decreasing.

Question 43

The diagrams above show Earth and the Moon in different positions, as seen from above (top view). Sunlight is coming from the left, but these diagrams do not show what parts of Earth or the Moon are light or dark.

Could the half of the Moon that faces Earth ever be completely dark in any of these diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Yes, always in Diagram 1 and sometimes in Diagram 3.

Answer

No, the Moon is always lit by the sun.

Answer

Yes, always in Diagrams 1 and 3, but never in Diagram 2.

Answer

Yes, always in Diagram 1, but never in Diagrams 2 or 3.

Question 44

hree people made the diagrams above to show what they think the Moon looks like when it is seen from above (top view). In these diagrams, the sunlight is coming from the left, as shown by the arrows. Which diagram is accurate and why?

Accepted Answer

Diagram A is accurate because the half of the Moon that is facing the sun is lit by the sun, and the other half is dark.

Answer

Diagram B is accurate because the whole Moon is bright as long as there are no shadows covering parts of it.

Answer

Diagram C is accurate because the Moon is almost as close as it can be to the sun, and so the Moon is almost fully lit by the sun.

Answer

All three diagrams are sometimes accurate because the Moon has some lighter-colored rock and some darker-colored rock, and the half of the Moon with the lighter-colored rock rotates to face different directions.

Question 45

The diagrams above show Earth and the Moon in different positions, as seen from above (top view). Sunlight is coming from the left, but these diagrams do not show what parts of Earth or the Moon are light or dark.

Could the half of the Moon that faces Earth ever be completely dark in any of these diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Yes, always in Diagram 3 and sometimes in Diagram 1.

Answer

No, the Moon is always lit by the sun.

Answer

Yes, always in Diagrams 1 and 3, but never in Diagram 2.

Answer

Yes, always in Diagram 3, but never in Diagrams 1 or 2.

Question 46

Three students made the diagrams above to show what they think the Moon looks like when it is seen from above (top view). In these diagrams, the sunlight is coming from the left, as shown by the arrows. Which diagram is accurate and why?

Accepted Answer

Diagram C is accurate because the half of the Moon that is facing the sun is lit by the sun, and the other half is dark.

Answer

Diagram A is accurate because sometimes the whole Moon is dark if shadows are covering it.

Answer

Diagram B is accurate because the Moon is as close as it can be to the sun, and so all of the Moon is lit by the sun.

Answer

All three diagrams are sometimes accurate because the Moon has some lighter-colored rock and some darker-colored rock, and the half of the Moon with the lighter-colored rock rotates to face different directions.

Question 47

The diagrams above show Earth and the Moon in different positions, as seen from above (top view). Sunlight is coming from the left, but these diagrams do not show what parts of Earth or the Moon are light or dark.

Could the half of the Moon that faces Earth ever be completely dark in any of these diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Yes, always in Diagram 1 and sometimes in Diagram 2.

Answer

No, the Moon is always lit by the sun.

Answer

Yes, always in Diagrams 1 and 2, but never in Diagram 3.

Answer

Yes, always in Diagram 1, but never in Diagrams 2 or 3.

Question 48

Three observers made the diagrams above to show what they think the Moon looks like when it is seen from above (top view). In these diagrams, the sunlight is coming from the left, as shown by the arrows. Which diagram is accurate and why?

Accepted Answer

Diagram A is accurate because the half of the Moon that is facing the sun is lit by the sun, and the other half is dark.

Answer

Diagram B is accurate because the whole Moon is bright as long as there are no shadows covering parts of it.

Answer

Diagram C is accurate because the Moon is almost as far as it can be from the sun, and so almost none of the Moon is lit by the sun.

Answer

All three diagrams are sometimes accurate because the Moon has some lighter-colored rock and some darker-colored rock, and the half of the Moon with the lighter-colored rock rotates to face different directions.

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