Text structure test 1

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) examines published research in order to address the question of how to reduce injuries and deaths in traffic collisions. Based on the research findings, the CDC has concluded that the most effective way to improve safety is to increase seat belt use. The CDC recommends that states more strictly enforce laws that make seat belts a requirement. According to the CDC, these laws are highly effective in increasing seat belt use and saving lives.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

• chronological

• compare-contrast

• cause-effect

• problem-solution

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Before becoming a dentist, a candidate must successfully complete a number of tasks. First, at least two years of college is required. Many future dentists enroll in pre-dentistry science courses during college. Next, an aspiring dentist must attend a four-year dental school. There, students usually take two years of coursework, followed by practical training with patients under the supervision of a dentist. After completing dental school, the graduate must pass both a written test and a practical test demonstrating dental skills in order to obtain a dental license and work as a licensed dentist.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

• compare-contrast

• sequential

• problem-solution

• cause-effect

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Many people divide exercise into one of two categories: strength training or aerobic. Strength training refers to activity that uses weights or a person's body weight to strengthen muscle, while aerobic exercise refers to activity that increases the heart rate for an extended period of time. Athletic trainers often advise people to wait at least forty-eight hours between strength training workouts, to give their muscles time to heal. Aerobic workouts, on the other hand, can be done more frequently.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

• problem-solution

• compare-contrast

• chronological

• cause-effect

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During World War II, the U.S. Navy was segregated by race, and many African Americans were assigned the dangerous work of preparing explosive devices for shipment. On July 17, 1944, as men loaded bombs onto ships at Port Chicago, a California naval base, two ships exploded in a massive blast. The explosion, which was due in part to inadequate safety procedures, killed hundreds, primarily African Americans. The Navy blamed the men for carelessness, and many of the disaster's survivors refused to return to work. As a result, fifty African American men were convicted of mutiny. Their conviction and imprisonment provoked outrage at the Navy's racist policies. Consequently, the Navy began assigning white sailors to share in the hazardous work, and later integrated its forces.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

• compare-contrast

• chronological

• cause-effect

• problem-solution

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In 1969, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross identified certain stages of mourning that people go through when they experience a loss. In the first stage, the person denies what has happened. Next comes anger, and then bargaining: "If I promise to do this, then everything will be better." This is often followed by depression—sadness about the loss. The final stage of grief is acceptance. Acceptance isn't the same as happiness, but rather is an acknowledgement of the need to get on with living despite the loss. Kübler-Ross said that these feelings are all a natural part of mourning, but that each person grieves in his or her unique way.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

• compare-contrast

• sequential

• cause-effect

• problem-solution

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During World War I, British and American warships were at grave risk of German U-boat, or submarine, attacks. Warships were easily visible against the surrounding ocean. So British artist Norman Wilkinson proposed a scheme to address this concern. Rather than trying to hide the ships, he suggested painting them with bright shapes to confuse the enemy. More than a thousand ships were painted with bold patterns, including complex patterns on the bow and stern to confuse onlookers about which end was which. This technique, called dazzle camouflage, may not have actually confused the enemy, but it was effective in making the crews of the "dazzle boats" feel safer.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

• sequential

• compare-contrast

• cause-effect

• problem-solution

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The color of your hair depends on how much of each type of melanin, or pigment, it contains. All hair colors, from black to blond and everything in between, result from the blending of just two types of melanin: eumelanin (dark) and phaeomelanin (light). Each hair grows out of an individual follicle, or tiny tube beneath the skin's surface. Pigment cells in the follicle inject melanin into the hair shaft as the hair develops and grows longer. In later years, the follicle slows its production of melanin. Hairs with less melanin appear gray in color. If melanin production shuts down altogether, then the new hairs, lacking any melanin, will be white.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

• compare-contrast

• sequential

• problem-solution

• cause-effect

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The two main types of clouds that form low in the atmosphere, that is, below 6,500 feet, are cumulus and stratus. Stratus clouds develop horizontally, whereas cumulus clouds are formed vertically. Stratus clouds are flat, uniformly gray in appearance, and tend to fill the sky with layers of gloom. White, fluffy cumulus clouds, on the other hand, often float in a bright blue sky and have been called "fair weather clouds." Unlike stratus clouds, cumulus clouds are individual structures. They're flat on the bottom and more puffy toward the top. Given the right conditions in the atmosphere, cumulus clouds may also turn dark with rain, signaling the coming of a thunderstorm.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

• problem- solution

• cause-effect

• compare-contrast

• chronological

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A blacksmith makes objects such as tools, decorative items, horseshoes, and weapons from iron or steel. Before working with the metal, the blacksmith will first heat it. To do this, he or she places it in a fire or furnace, often holding it with tongs until it turns red hot. Then the metal is ready to work, and the blacksmith can hammer it flat, bend it, or twist it. As soon as the object is shaped just right, the blacksmith plunges it into a container of water. This quenches the metal, solidifying it quickly and hardening it.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

• sequential

• compare-contrast

• cause-effect

• problem-solution

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As Africa's population of wild lions decreases, Tanzania's Ruaha National Park provides an important habitat for the remaining lion population. However, lions and local villagers living around the park often come into conflict: lions kill valuable livestock, and villagers shoot the lions. To address this issue, the Ruaha Carnivore Project has worked closely with villagers. The Project has introduced stronger fences, warning systems, and guard dogs to reduce livestock losses. To further encourage animal conservation, the Project provides education about the importance of protecting lions. Importantly, the Project has also provided benefits, such as local health care and scholarships, to compensate villagers for the dangers they endure. These efforts have paid off, as both the villagers' livestock losses and lion deaths have declined.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

• problem-solution

• cause-effect

• compare-contrast

• sequential