NYS Living Environment Regents Part B Practice

Recently, researchers from Stanford University have changed mouse skin cells into mouse nerve cells. This was accomplished by inserting genes that control the synthesis of certain proteins into the skin cells. This type of research is often successful in advancing knowledge regarding the functioning of human cells because

• cells present in humans often function in similar ways to cells present in other organisms

• cells from different types of organisms function differently when transplanted into humans

• the cells in all complex organisms contain the same genes and function in similar ways

• cellular research using mice can always be applied to human cells since all complex organisms produce the same proteins

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

In the experimental setup below, which substance would be used to prove that the gas produced by the yeast in the vacuum bottle could change the pH of the liquid in the flask?

• an indicator

• a chemical messenger

• an enzyme

• a salt solution

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Which statement best expresses a basic scientific assumption?

• Interpretation of experimental results has provided explanations for all natural phenomena.

• If a conclusion is valid, similar investigations by other scientists should result in the same conclusion.

• For any conclusion to be valid, the design of the experiment requires that only two groups be compared.

• After a scientist formulates a conclusion based on an experiment, no further investigation is necessary.

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The diagram below represents a cycle that occurs in nature. Which phrase describes a human activity that could have a negative effect on this cycle?

• a decrease in the amount of sulfates given off by motor vehicles

• an increase in recycling programs for plastics and metals

• the continued deforestation and removal of forest resources

• development of programs to conserve wildlife

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period. ***The resistance gene was present in the aphid population as a result of

• the need of the potatoes to become resistant to the insecticide

• changes in the aphids’ local habitat by the insecticide

• a recombination of the proteins in the potato cells

• a random change in the aphids’ DNA sequence

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

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NGSS.MS-LS4-6

A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period. ***In year three, the farmer discontinued the use of the insecticide. Which statement would best predict the population in generation 4?

• The nonresistant aphid would become extinct

• The nonresistant aphid would become extinct

• The resistant aphid would mutate to a nonresistant aphid.

• The plants would be free of insect populations.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period. ***One negative consequence of using an insecticide is that it

• selects for insecticide-resistant organisms

• keeps a balance of organic compounds

• encourages biodiversity in plants

• gives the nonresistant aphids a survival advantage

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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The activity of a single-celled organism is represented in the diagram below.

Which concept is best illustrated by this diagram?

• The life functions performed by single-celled organisms are different from the life functions performed by complex organisms.

• Single-celled organisms carry out life functions that are essential for survival.

• Since single-celled organisms lack organs, they can survive only in moist environments.

• Single-celled organisms contain one organelle that performs all the life functions.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

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The chart below provides information about two scientific discoveries in the field of biology. Which statement is the best interpretation of the material presented in the chart?

• Scientific explanations are built by combining evidence that can be observed with what people already know.

• Inquiry involves making judgments about the reliability of the source and relevance of the information.

• Science provides information, but values are also essential to making ethical decisions.

• Hypotheses are valuable even if they turn out not to be true, because they may lead to further investigation.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

This diagram represents the roles of different parts of the human body in keeping blood sugar at a balanced, normal level over time. ***The diagram shows human body structures that are coordinated to maintain homeostasis. Which correctly identifies the functions of these structures?

• Body System X = Digestion // Organ Y = Regulation

• Body System X = Circulation // Organ Y = Synthesis

• Body System X = Excretion // Organ Y = Transport

• Body System X = Locomotion // Organ Y = Nutrition

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NGSS.MS-LS1-3