Sleep

Typically the number of episodes spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep per night is:

• One to Two

• Two to Four

• Four to Five

• Seven to Eight

Which of the following is true of REM sleep:

• virtually no electrical activity in skeletal muscles can be detected.

• large amounts of electrical activity in skeletal muscles can be detected.

• virtually no electrical activity in the eye muscles can be detected.

• large amounts of movement are caused when dreaming, including sleep walking.

Newborn babies’ sleep patterns differ from those of the elderly.

Which of the following statements about their different sleep patterns is most likely to be correct?

• A newborn spends about 50% of their sleep time in REM; an elderly person spends about 20% of their sleep time in REM.

• A newborn spends about 20% of their sleep time in REM; an elderly person spends about 50% of their sleep time in REM.

• A newborn sleeps on average 8 hours per day; an elderly person sleeps on average 4 hours per day.

• A newborn sleeps on average 15 hours per day; an elderly person sleeps on average 10 hours per day.

In which one of the following research designs does the researcher have the most control over selection, manipulation and measurement of variables?

• A case study

• A correlational study

• Naturalistic observation

• An experiment

In a repeated-measures experimental design:

• participants are used in both the control and experimental conditions.

• different participants with similar characteristics are used in both the control and experimental conditions.

• the same participants are interviewed twice individually by two different researchers.

A limitation of the matched-participants design is that:

• the results can only be generalised to a very small population because the participants are matched on all relevant variables.

• the results will be the same for both groups because the participants are matched on the same participant variables.

• order effects may occur as matching eliminates random allocation to the different conditions.

• matching participants on variables relevant to the dependent variable can be time consuming.

Human consciousness is defined as an:

• awareness of a world distinct from ourselves.

• ability to express our thoughts and feelings, including our knowledge of the world.

• understanding of events taking place in the world around us.

• awareness of ourselves and the world around us, including our thoughts and feelings

In normal waking consciousness a person is most likely to experience:

• divided attention

• hallucinations

• REM

• daydreams

According to which theory is sleeping thought to be essential for revitalising and repairing the physiological processes that keep the body and mind healthy and functioning properly?

• Evolutionary

• Restoration

• Recovery

• Physiological

Which of the following mammals would tend to sleep the longest?

• Horse

• Human

• Koala

• Bat