Carriage of Goods

A charterparty is a contract between the charterer and the:

• Master

• Owner of the goods

• Shipowner

• Stevedores

The obligation of the shipowner to provide a seaworthy ship is

• Expressly stipulated in the INCOTERMS

• Implied under common law

• One of the innovations of the Rotterdam Rules

The bill of lading is a receipt for the quantity and the condition of the goods received as well as their leading marks:

• In the hands of the shipper

• When it is signed and duly stamped

• If the carrier does not object

• In contracts of sale between EU Member States

Under Article 3 of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971, there is an absolute obligation of the carrier of the goods to provide a ………… ship:

• General purpose tanker

• Modern

• Seaworthy

• Fast sailing

A consignment note is a shipping document that, like a bill of lading, is :

• A receipt of cargo taken on board

• A document of title

• Evidence of a contract of carriage

• Evidence of a cargo condition

Under Article III(1) of the Hague-Visby Rules, due diligence must be exercised by the shipowner:

• During the duration of the contract

• Before and at the beginning of the voyage

• During the voyage only

• Until 1 year after the voyage

Under common law, the meaning of seaworthiness is two-fold, referring to the physical state of the ship and its:

• Fitness to carry all types of cargo

• Fitness to perform any type of voyage

• Cargoworthiness

The Hamburg Rules come into operation where the contract is for carriage by sea and:

• The contracting parties cannot agree on one set of rules

• An element of internationality is present

• Hague-Visby rules do not apply

• The port of destination is not in the EU

The Hague-Visby rules apply only:

• When no insurance policy is obtained

• Where there is no agreement on the law of application and jurisdiction

• Where a bill of lading is issued

• The plaintiffs initiated action in the carrier's place of business

Cheapest and best way of transporting heavy and bulky goods over a long distance.

• Water

• Road

• Air