Period 1 & 2 REVIEW

Before 1492, many American Indian cultures were strongly influenced by the

• spread of corn cultivation

• ravages of smallpox epidemics

• regular contacts with Africa

• domestication of horses

Which of the following was an outcome of the Columbian Exchange?

• The life expectancy of Native Americans increased.

• Horses and smallpox were introduced in Europe.

• The diets of Europeans improved.

• The population of Europe decreased.

Colonists from which of the following European nations generally had the most cooperative relations with American Indians?

• England

• Spain

• Portugal

• France

The Dutch settled New Netherland primarily to

• secure a refuge for the persecuted

• check the growth of English colonies in North America

• expand their commercial and mercantile network

• secure naval supplies

The encomienda and slavery systems both contributed to which of the following developments?

• The Spanish colonies developed a social hierarchy based on economic status rather than on racial categories.

• The Spanish colonies experienced intermingling between European and Native American populations to such an extent that racial categories ceased to be recognized.

• Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans were all integrated into Spanish colonial society on an equal basis.

• The Spanish developed a race-based caste system that defined the status of Europeans, Native Americans, Africans, and people of mixed race in their colonies.

Which of the following was a major difference between the encomienda system and slave labor in the Spanish colonies?

• The encomienda system was developed specifically for plantation agriculture, whereas slaves were used only in mines.

• The encomienda system imported servants from Europe, whereas the slavery system mostly exploited Native Americans.

• The encomienda system exploited the labor of Native Americans, whereas slavery more typically extracted labor from enslaved Africans.

• The encomienda system paid laborers wages, whereas wages were not paid to enslaved people.

Which of the following explains the most likely reason why English colonists wanted to come to North America?

• To put distance between themselves and the English monarchy

• To exercise their strong belief in natural rights and liberty for all

• To form alliances with French and Dutch settlers already present

• To seek economic opportunity and improved living conditions

The expansion of European settlement in the Americas most directly led to which of the following developments?

• The use of enslaved Native Americans and Africans to meet the labor demands of colonial agricultural production

• The spread of religious tolerance throughout most of the European colonies in the Americas

• The growing separation between the colonial economies and the economies of their mother countries

• The declining competition among the major Europeans powers over their colonial holdings

Before 1800, which of the following European imports had the greatest impact on the lives of the Plains Indians?

• Money

• Horse

• Cattle

• Christianity

Which of the following best explains why some European colonists intermarried with Native Americans?

• To create economic and diplomatic relationships between Europeans and Native Americans

• To ensure that specific European countries could establish claims to land in North America

• To prevent the enslavement of certain groups of Native Americans considered allies

• To establish a new culture that synthesized European and Native American elements