1st 3 Weeks Review

Overheating an enzyme results in the enzyme’s loss of —

• net electrical charge

• ability to catalyze a reaction

• storage of a large amount of chemical energy

• storage of inherited information

Which of the following biological molecules is correctly paired with one of the functions it primarily serves in living cells?

• nucleic acids - store genetic information

• lipids - catalyze chemical reactions

• carbohydrates - component of cytoskeleton

• proteins - long term energy storage

In red blood cells, the compound carbonic anhydrase increases the rate at which carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate ions for transport in the blood. In red blood cells, carbonic anhydrase acts as which of the following?

• an enzyme

• a hormone

• a lipid

• a sugar

Which best describes how enzymes function in the body?

• Enzymes are converted into products by the reactions they catalyze.

• Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions.

• One enzyme can catalyze many different reactions.

• An enzyme is used once and then destroyed by the cell.

Which statement describes the major role of lipids within a cell?

• They cause DNA to replicate.

• They move RNA in the cytoplasm.

• They catalyze chemical reactions in the cell.

• They are the main components of membranes.

Most cellular activities are processes regulated by the action of —

• carbohydrates

• enzymes

• lipids

• polysaccharides

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Enzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. These proteins are composed of many simpler molecules called amino acids. Which of the following suggests that the shape of an enzyme determines the enzyme’s function?

• Enzymes are specific to a substrate.

• Enzymes can operate in a wide range of conditions.

• Enzymes are activated by neighboring molecules.

• Enzymes can be found in all life-forms.

Which of the following is the main reason that humans need to include carbohydrates in their diet?

• Carbohydrates are broken down in cells for energy.

• Carbohydrates combine to form many different proteins.

• Carbohydrates act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

• Carbohydrates are the building blocks for cell growth and repair.

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Some bacteria contain a substance called nitrogenase. Nitrogenase catalyzes the chemical reaction that converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). Nitrogenase is an example of which of the following?

• enzyme

• substrate

• product

• active site

Which of the following characteristics is a similarity between all four major classes of biomolecules?

• They are all made of nucleotides

• They are all made of amino acids

• They are all organic compounds

• They all store energy