Latihan IRO-1

A 36-year-old male developed a painful purulent urethral discharge following a 2-week vacation to Thailand. A Gram stain reveals gram-negative diplococci. Iron, which it obtains through surface receptors, is essential for the expression of the microorganism’s virulence factors. which of the following molecules does it obtain iron?

• Ferric oxide
• Lactoferrin
• Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
• Pyocyanin
• Siderophores

A teenaged boy suffered a foot laceration while swimming in a polluted water area in a river. He did not seek medical treatment, and thewound developed a foul-smelling exudate. One of the bacteria isolated from the abs cess exudate was missing superoxide dismutase, catalase,and a peroxidase. Which of the following statements best describes this microorganism?

• It is a capnophile
• It is a facultative anaerobe
• It is a microaerophile
• It is an anaerobe
• It is an obligate aerobe

Which of the following tests would prove that the patient is infectious for herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2?

• Culture
• Detection of HSV2-specific IgM
• Direct immunofluorescent assay
• Nucleic acid amplification testing
• Tzanck smear

A 3-year-old girl from a family that does not believe in immunization presents to the emergency room with a sore throat, fever, malaise, and difficulty breathing. A gray membrane covering the pharynx is observed on physical examination. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is confirmed as the etiologic agent of this infection. Which of the following is required to prove that C. diphtheriae is the etiologic agent of this child’s infection?

• Demonstration of cysteinase production
• Isolation of C. diphtheriae from throat culture
• Metachromatic granules seen on methylene blue stain
• Pleomorphic gram-positive bacilli seen on Gram stain
• Toxigenicity demonstrated by the Elek test

A 64-year old female with a history of COPD visited her physician because of recent poor health symptoms, including cough, fever and nightsweats, weakness, and 20-pound weight loss. Chest x-ray demonstrated a nodular infiltrate in the upper lobe. Laboratory staining of sputum revealed acid-fast organisms. Which characteristic of the most likely organism is responsible for this staining result?

• Ergosterol
• Glycolipids
• Hyaluronic acid
• Peptidoglycan
• Teichoic acid

A 27-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with complaints of a fever, headache, muscle aches, and swollen glands. The physician observes disseminated lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, and a rash on the man’s upper chest. The patient states that he had been to a party 2 weeks ago where he experimented with injecting drugs to get high. Needles were shared among the party-goers. A rapid latex test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies performed in the physician’s office is negative. The doctor has a strong suspicion that this man has acute retroviral syndrome. Which of the following tests is most likely to support a diagnosis of HIV infection at this time?

• CD4 lymphocyte count
• HIV antibody test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA)
• HIV p24 antigen
• Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HIV RNA
• Western blot for HIV antibodies

A 9-year-old male with a history of fever and nonspecific symptoms presents with a bright red cheeks and a macular lacy rash over his body. Which of the following viruses is the most likely cause of this disease?

• Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1
• Parvovirus B19
• Rubella virus
• Rubeola (measles) virus
• Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

During a medical checkup for a new insurance policy, a 60-year-old grandmother is found to be positive by a conventional EIA screening test for antibodies against HIV-1. She has no known risk factors for exposure to the virus. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

• Immediately begin antiretroviral therapy
• Perform the EIA screening test a second time
• Request that a viral blood culture be done by the laboratory
• Tell the patient that she is likely to develop AIDS
• Test the patient for Pneumocystis jiroveci infection

A 35-year-old intravenous (IV) drug abuser with known chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) status suddenly presents with an acute hepatitis episode. He develops massive hepatic necrosis and dies. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the change in his condition?

• A hepatitis B mutant has developed
• He has contracted hepatitis D virus (HDV)
• He has developed cirrhosis
• His food contained hepatitis A virus (HAV)
• His food contained hepatitis E virus (HEV)

An otherwise healthy 65-year-old male was in a car accident and broke several ribs on the left side. Approximately 12 days later, he developed a painful, well-circumscribed vesicular rash over the left rib cage that persists for several weeks. The rash is most likely due to which of the following?

• Primary infection with HSV type 1
• Reactivation of latent HSV type 1
• Reactivation of latent Epstein–Barr virus
• Primary infection with VZV
• Reactivation of latent VZV