Genetics Review

A kitten was born with black fur and green eyes. The fur and eye color of its parents are shown in the picture. Which statement helps explain why the kitten has black fur?

• Chromosomes present on the genes code for the characteristics of its fur.

• Genetic mutations always cause the fur color and eye color to change.

• Offspring receive genetic information from both parents.

• Gene expression is changed in every generation, resulting in evolution.

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Animals and green plants are similar in that they

• both carry out heterotrophic nutrition

• all produce offspring by asexual reproduction

• both use DNA to transmit hereditary information to offspring

• all require oxygen to carry out photosynthesis

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Which type of characteristics can be inherited?

• Those controlled by genes

• Those caused by accidents

• Those produced by exercise

• Those produced by diet

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Mendel’s early work with pea plants demonstrated a significant genetic discovery. The crossing of homozygous tall pea plants with homozygous short pea plants always resulted in tall plants and demonstrated that tallness in pea plants is a trait that is —

• blended

• dominant

• mutated

• recessive

Most of the hereditary information within the cell is carried in the —

• ribosomes

• vacuoles

• chromosomes

• Golgi bodies

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Which of these is due entirely to inheritance in humans?

• Reading skill

• Eye color

• Endurance

• Broken bones

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DNA is essential to living organisms because it —

• carries the genetic code

• is a spiral helix

• can prevent diseases

• can break apart

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Mendel proposed that traits observed in pea plants resulted from a combination of “factors” inherited from each parent. His description of these “factors” can be considered the first scientific definition of the role of—

• ribosomes

• meiosis

• genes

• cell nuclei

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Dominant or recessive?
tt

• Dominant 
• Recessive

Dominant or recessive?
Dd

• Dominant
• recessive
• neither
• homozygous