Fundamentals of Surveying

Surveying is defined as the art and science of determining angular and linear measurement to establish the form, extent and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or near the surface of earth or on other extra terrestrial bodies through........

• Pure mathematics and the social science

• Applied mathematics and the use of specialized equipment and techniques

• Field observation and measurement done by the field survey party

• Cartographic, geodetic, and photogrammetric methods

• Principles of Algebra, geometry and trigonometry

Plane surveying is a type of surveying in which the earth is consider to be flat surface. Distances and areas involved are limited extent and ....

• the approximate shape of the earth is considered

• the theoretical shape of the geoid is evaluated

• the exact shape of the earth is disregarded

• the spheroidal shape of the earth is considered

• the shape of the earth is considered a geoid

An error is defined as the difference between the .....

• true value and the measured value of a quantity

• estimated value and the most probable value of a quantity

• true value and the approximate value of a quantity

• two measured values of the same quantity

• most probable value and the true value

A line, known to be 150.000 meters long, is measured five times with a steel tape in the following order: 150.004, 149.998, 149.997, 150.005,and 149.996 meters, respectively. The more accurate of the five measurement is the

• 1st measurement

• 2nd measurement

• 3rd measurement

• 4th measurement

• 5th measurement

Five separate measurements were made of a line and their degrees of precision computed as follows in the following order: 1/5000; 1/2500; 1/6500; 1/7000; 1/10000, respectively. The measurement which is of a higher degree of precision was the one done in the

• 1st trial

• 2nd trial

• 3 trial

• 4th trial

• 5th trial

An early surveing instrument having an A-frame with a plumb line suspended from its apex and was used to determine the horizontal is the

• Diopter

• Chorobates

• Groma

• Libella

• Dioptra

Notes must not be crowded, and mistakes and omissions must be kept

to a minimum.

• Accuracy

• Composition

• Completeness

• Clarity

• Legibility

Ingenious instruments for surveying used for sighting

• Diopter

• Chorobates

• Groma

• Libella

• Dioptra

Ingenious instruments for surveyinga with 20-foot-long horizontal straightedge with supporting legs and a grooved top for water to serve as level.

• Diopter

• Chorobates

• Groma

• Libella

• Dioptra

First surveying equipment ever recorded.

• Diopter

• Chorobates

• Groma

• Libella

• Dioptra