A variable that is not the IV but which could affect the DV if it’s not controlled. This could contribute to bias. This definition most closely describes:

• sampling bias.

• extraneous variables.

• internal validity.

• demand characteristics.

Which of the following are features of quantitative research methods?

• They are data-driven.

• They are more subjective in nature.

• They do not determine cause-and-effect relationships.

• They operationalize constructs to observe behavior.

If a controlled lab experiment can reject the null hypothesis and accept the experimental, it is likely to have high ecological validity.

• True

• False

Which of the following experiment types would be most applicable to study the effects of patients with schizophrenia on social skills?

• Lab

• Natural

• Quasi

• Field

Limitations of natural experiments include

• being unable to manipulate the IV.

• being subject to many demand characteristics.

• having low external validity.

• being unable to control extraneous variables.

If a participant has an equal chance of being selected for a study within a population, the sampling technique being applied is

• random sampling.

• opportunity sampling.

• stratified sampling.

• self-selected sampling.

Strengths of stratified sampling include

• being representative of the population.

• being not so time consuming.

• being relatively inexpensive due to small sample size.

• being the easiest method to use.

Sampling bias occurs when

• results are manipulated to give the impression of having high ecological validity.

• the researcher accepts the alternative hypothesis even though their data doesn't support it.

• some members of the population are less likely to be included.

• participants try to help the researcher by discerning their hypothesis.

What is the correct manner by which to outline and describe a study?

• Procedure, aim, results, conclusion

• Aim, procedure, results, conclusion

• Aim, procedure, conclusion, results

• Procedure, aim, conclusion, results

Which research design would be most appropriate for the following: Studying the effects of violent TV shows on the same group of participants before and after being exposed to a program.

• Repeated measures design.

•  Independent design.

• Matched pairs design.