The study of characteristics of elements in a physical environment, such as landforms, bodies of water, climate, ecosystems, and erosion.

The study of characteristics of humans and human activities, such as population, culture, politics, urban areas, and economics.

Stylized maps that show theories about spatial distribution. They are made for agricultural/urban land use, distribution of cities, and stores/factory locations.

Show theories using words, graphs, or tables. They often depict changes over time rather than across space, with more accuracy than spatial models.

Idea that things such as cities near each other are more closely connected than things father apart.

The general arrangement of things being studied.

Any information that can be measured and recorded using numbers such as total immigrants to a city.

Quantative and spatial, includes geographic locations such as country, zip code, latitude and longitude, or address. Often used with geographic information systems.

Designed for people to refer to for general info about different places.

Show/label boundaries and things such as countries, cities, states, and capitals which were created by humans.