Science 6A Unit 2 Lessons 6-11 Final

In a scale model of the solar system, the sun is placed at the center and the planets are shown orbiting in circles around it. Mars is 1.5 AU away from the sun and in the model, it appears at 30 cm from it which means that 1 AU = 20 cm. Likewise, Neptune is 30 AU away from the sun. What is the maximum distance between Mars & Neptune?

• 570 cm

• 28.5 cm

• 630 cm

• 1.5 cm

Answer explanation

The question asks about the maximum distance between Mars & Neptune in the model. As 1 AU is equal to 20 cm, the distance of Neptune from the Sun is 30 AU*20 cm, which is 600 cm. As Mars is 1.5 AU away from the Sun, which is 30 cm, the maximum distance between Mars & Neptune is 600 cm + 30 cm, which is 630 cm.

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A spaceship reaches the moon in 3 days. The moon is about 386,400 km from Earth. Mars, is,about 140 times farther away from us than the moon if Mars stays in place. Assuming a very simple model of the solar system, about how long would it take that same spaceship to reach Mars?

• about 22.5 years

• about 1 year (365 days)

• about 7.5 years

• about 2.5 years

Answer explanation

The spaceship reaches the moon, which is 386,400 km away, in 3 days. Mars is 140 times further than the moon. Therefore, if the spaceship maintains the same speed, the journey to Mars would take 140 times the length of the moon trip, which is approximately 365 days or about a year.

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What is the main problem with this model if it were going to be used to study the dimensions of the solar system?

• the planets are shown as having different shapes

• the planets are placed at the same distance from each other

• the planets are depicted in different colors

• the planets are represented in different sizes

Answer explanation

The main issue with the model, if used to study the dimensions of the solar system, is that it represents the planets as being equidistant from each other. In reality, the distances between planets in the solar system vary significantly, which is vital for accurate study and understanding.

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Why do astronomers use astronomical units (AU) instead of kilometers (km)?

• AU in astronomy, while km is used in physics

• There are no km in outer space, only AU

• Large distances are easier to express in AU than in km

• AU is for spacing, while km is used for length

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A student uses a diagram to show the scale sizes of the planets. Which planet’s diameter would be approximately the distance across the United States?

• Uranus

• Neptune

• Jupiter

• Mercury

Answer explanation

The question asks which planet's diameter would be approximately the distance across the United States. The correct answer is Mercury. Compared to other planets in the options provided - Uranus, Neptune, and Jupiter - Mercury's diameter is closest in size to the width of the United States.

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Suppose a student develops a scale model of the planets. Which two planets should be the closest in diameter on the model?

 

• Mars and Jupiter

• Uranus and Saturn

• Earth and Venus

• Mercury and Neptune

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The scale model of an airplane is 1:130, where 1 inch on the model is equal to 130 inches on the actual airplane. Which statement about the scale model is true?

• The parts of the model airplane are in the same proportions as the actual airplane

• the scale model is larger than the actual airplane

• the scale model has the same working parts as the actual airplane

• the scale model will perform the same way as the actual airplane

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'The parts of the model airplane are in the same proportions as the actual airplane'. This is true because a scale model, like the 1:130 airplane model, maintains the same relative proportions as the actual object. Therefore, every detail of the airplane is smaller but proportionally accurate. The other options are incorrect since the model is not larger, doesn't have the same working parts, nor performs the same way as the actual airplane.

What is the scale used in the table?

• 1cm = 1,000 km

• 1cm = 10,000 km

• 1 km = 1,000 cm

• 1 km = 10,000 cm

Answer explanation

The question asks for the scale used in the table. The correct option is '1cm = 10,000 km'. This means for every centimeter on the table, it represents 10,000 kilometers in real life. None of the other options correctly describe this scale.

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The table shows the diameters of paper circles used to represent the planets. Which is a correct comparison of the paper model of the planet Earth to the actual planet Earth?

• the texture of the paper model is the same as the texture of planet Earth

• the paper model is the same shape as planet Earth.

• the diameter paper model is proportionally the same size as the diameter of planet Earth

• the paper model shows the same details as planet Earth

Answer explanation

The question asks for a comparison between a paper model of Earth and the actual planet. The correct answer is that the diameter of the paper model is proportionally the same size as the diameter of planet Earth. This means that although the model and the planet are not the same size, the ratio of their diameters is consistent, adhering to the concept of scale in models.

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What did gravity create when 99% of the gas and dust materials were gathered into the center of a flattened disc during the formation of the solar system?

• the planets

• the asteroid belt

• the sun

• the moons of planets

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