Crusades from beginnings to the First crusade

Muslim chroniclers often cited this conflict as the origin of the Crusades

• Reconquista

• Battle of Manzikert

• Fall of Jerusalem

• People's Crusade

Answer explanation

The Reconquista appears consistently, along with the conflicts in Sicily and Anatolia.

The objective of the Reconquista was to:

• Take Sicily back from the Moors

• Reclaim territory for the Romans

• Show the superiority of the Christian Civilisation

• Reclaim land in Iberia

Answer explanation

Reconquista was an effort undertaken by Christian Kingdoms in Iberia to retake the Iberian region.

Early on crusades were related to what:

• An adventure

• A war

• A pilgrimage

• A holiday

Answer explanation

Pilgrimage to holy sites was a common association for the crusades before they were called crusades.

(more than one correct answer) In Alexios 1's letter, why does he think the Pope and Franks might come to his aid? (in fairness we did not cover this much)

• His territory is full of religious sites and artifacts

• Rule by 'Latins' is preferable to rule by 'heathens'

• The Church would obviously help fellow Christians

• The westerners like fighting so why not here

Who declared the first crusade in 1095?

• Pope Urban II

• Alexios I

• Peter the Hermit

• Godfrey of Bouillon

Answer explanation

Pope Urban II made the 'formal' declaration in that year.

Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah was dubbed the 'Mad Caliph' why?

• He gave his horse as a position on his cabinet

• He was a very passionate advocate for Islam

• He violently persecuted religious minorities and dissenters

• He had a drinking problem

Answer explanation

While it is true that the Mad Caliph has a more positive reception in Islam scholarship for his advocacy for their faith, the reason he is called 'Mad Caliph' is by his detractors due to his tyrannical tendencies.

Who led the People's Crusade?

• Godfrey of Bouillon

• Peter the Hermit

• Walter Sans Avoir

• Emicho of Flonheim

The Rhineland Massacres were....

• Violent sacking of cities in the Rhineland

• Massacres of crusaders

• Massacres to seize rhinestones.

• Massacres of Jewish people

Why did the Kingdom of Hungary turn against the crusaders?

• The Hungarians were of a different religion

• The Crusaders pillaged Hungarian lands

• The Hungarians did not agree with the purpose of the crusade.

• The King of Hungary wanted to impose harsh tolls on the crusaders.

The first crusade successfully:

• acquired Christian territory including Jerusalem

• ended the Islamic incursions into Europe

• reached the destination but was unable to acquire any lands

• unified the Orthodox and Unorthodox churches