Involves combining or integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches and data in a study.

• Mixed-Method

• Quantitative

• Qualitative

A researcher collects both quantitative and qualitative data, analyzes them separately, and then compares the results to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other.

• Convergent Design

• Explanatory Sequential Design (Two-Phase)

• Explanatory Sequential Design (Three-Phase)

A researcher collects an initial quantitative data collection, then analyzes the data to build up on a second, qualitative phase. This procedure helps explain the quantitative results through a qualitative dimension.

• Convergent Design

• Explanatory Sequential Design (Two-Phase)

• Explanatory Sequential Design (Three-Phase)

A researcher collects an initial qualitative data collection, then analyzes the data to build up a feature to be tested (i.e., instruments, experimental setup) in a quantitative approach

• Convergent Design

• Explanatory Sequential Design (Two-Phase)

• Explanatory Sequential Design (Three-Phase)

Empirical, scientific approach to examine phenomena in a natural setting and interpret the phenomena in light of the meanings people hold towards that phenomena

• Mixed-Method

• Quantitative

• Qualitative

●Used to understand the intricacies of culture as it is defined and described by members of that culture.

●Usually immersive and built through numerous observations

• Ethnographic

• Narrative

• Phenomenological

• Grounded Theory

●Use of human stories and experiences to illustrate frameworks or paradigms

●Heavily reliant on interviews and focus groups

• Ethnographic

• Narrative

• Phenomenological

• Grounded Theory

●Exploring rare or previously unknown cases through a systematized collection of relevant observation and/or interview data

• Case Study

• Critical Theory

• Grounded Theory

• Phenomenological

Easiest form of gaining knowledge and a first step towards subsequent scientific inquiry

• Descriptive Research

• Correlational Research

• Experimental Designs

Two things can be related, but they may not be the cause/effect of each other.

• Descriptive Research

• Correlational Research

• Experimental Designs