S2 Validity and Soundness

P1 All humans are mammals

P2 King Charles is a human

C King Charles is a mammal

• Valid and sound

• Valid but unsound

• Invalid

P1 In Scotland it rains more than in Spain.

C Therefore it will rain tomorrow in Edinburgh

• Valid and sound

• Valid but unsound

• Invalid

P1 In the Harry Potter books, all wizards have magic powers

P2 Harry Potter is a wizard

C Harry Potter has magic powers

• Valid and sound

• Valid but unsound

• Invalid

P1 Earth is a planet

P2 You live on Earth

C You live on a planet

• Valid and sound

• Valid but unsound

• Invalidity

P1 Every pupil at George Heriot's School wear a school uniform

P2 You wear a school uniform

C You are a pupil at George Heriot's School

• Valid and sound

• Valid but unsound

• Invalid

P1 The UK Prime Minister is a man

P2 Rishi Sunak is a man

C Rishi Sunak is UK Prime Minister

• Valid and sound

• Valid but unsound

• Invalid

P1 The UK Prime Minister is a man

P2 Rishi Sunak is the UK Prime Minister

C Rishi Sunak is a man

• Valid and sound

• Valid but unsound

• Invalid

P1 Pasta is a type of fruit

P2 You can buy pasta in the supermarket

C You can buy fruit in the supermarket

• Valid and sound

• Valid but unsound

• Invalidity

P1 The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh

P2 Edinburgh is north of London

C The capital of Scotland is north of London

• Valid and sound

• Valid but unsound

• Invalid

P1 Earth circles the Sun

P2 The Sun is smaller than Earth

C Earth circles something smaller than itself

• Valid and sound

• Valid but unsound

• Invalid