COLD WEATHER CONDITIONS OPERATIONS

High temperatures can make it difficult for some aircraft to take off and increase

• The risk of turbulence

• The risk of frosting

• The risk of being stock at the runaway track

• The risk of getting rid of the fuel

High temperatures can lead to...

• have shorter runaways, more fuel consuming and less expensive flights.

• have long runaways, more fuel consuming and less expensive flights.

• have short runaways, less fuel consuming and less expensive flights.

• flight suspensions, delays and more expensive flights.

According to researchers, as the global climate changes, this situation is likely to become more frequent and could make air travel more...

• expensive and less predictable.

• interesting and more challenger.

• challenger and less expensive.

• predictable and less expensive.

Researchers are just beginning to explore how climate change affects aviation and the ability of aircraft to ________. Because there is very little data available and so many factors at play-aircraft design, airport size and location, passenger and cargo weight, to name a few-it can be difficult to attribute any particular failure to global warming.

Airports may experience the effects differently depending on their locations. Those at high altitudes have lower atmospheric pressure which, along with higher temperatures, affects aircraft lift.

However, others that are at sea level may also be affected.

Airports with a short runway compared to other major commercial airports; on particularly hot days, this can be a problem because aircraft may not have enough distance to reach the necessary speed and lift to get airborne.

Generally, on the hottest days of the summer, it may be necessary to lighten the load, which includes cargo or passengers. Reducing weight allows an aircraft to take off with lower lift. we can conclude that ...

• Operation on winter are affected by cold temperatures.

• Operation on summer are affected by hot temperatures.

• Not only the operation on winter are affected by cold or hot temperatures.

• Not only the operation on winter, but also on summer, are affected by extreme temperatures.

Winter, means ___1__ , and cold... __2____, which for aviation means __3____.

• 1-ICE

  2- COLD

  3-DANGER

• 1-COLD

  2-ICE

  3-DANGER

• 1- DANGER

  2- ICE

  3- COLD

• 1- COLD

  2- DANGER

  3- ICE

Undoubtedly, ice is and has been one of the most dangerous climatic effects that we can face, it affects practically all aircraft performance, increases ___1____, reduces lift, increases ___2____, reduces engine power to such a degree that it can even stop it, can affect the ___3_____of instruments, loss of radio communications, loss of aircraft ___4___, malfunction of brakes and landing gear, among other things.

• 1- drag

  2- weight

  3- indication

  4- control

• 1- weight

  2- drag

  3- control

  4- indication

• 1- weight

  2- drag

  3- indication

  4- control

• 1- control

  2- drag

  3- indication

  4- weight

1) flying within rain or charged clouds and.

2) the temperature at the point of icing is 0° Celsius or less (considering that the surface of the aircraft is normally colder than the ambient temperature).

• These are two main reasons for not flying on winter

• These are two main factors to find the ideal environment for ice to form on the aircraft

• There are two main rules for environment to form ice on the aircraft

• These are two main qualities for ice that makes flying safe on winter

When water in the atmosphere remains liquid even below 0° C., and it is touched by the surfaces of the aircraft and it freezes immediately, it is called...

• supercooled

• supercool

• superfreeze

• supercold

Due to aerodynamic effects, ice will acquire different forms; in general terms, two main types of ice are considered:

• clear or crystalline ice and frost ice

• liquid or crystalline ice and frost ice

• liquid or crystalline ice and solid ice

• solid or crystalline ice and frost ice