Genetics 1 Vocabulary

The single cell formed by the union of gametes (sperm and egg); a fertilized egg.

• Gene

• Zygote

• Allele

• DNA

A complex organic molecule that is capable of self-replication and that carries and stores genetic information.

• DNA

• RNA

• Gene

• Genotype

Having two complete sets of chromosomes; one set is inherited from the mother, and one set from the father.

• Diploid

• Haploid

• DNA

• RNA

An alternate version of a gene is....

• Chromosome

• Gene

• Allele

• Locus

A trait is ________ when only one copy of a variant allele is needed for an animal to express the phenotype.

• Recessive

• Genotype

• Dominant

• Homozygous

A sequence of DNA occupying a particular fixed locus on a chromosome.

• Genotype

• Phenotype

• Gene

• Dominant

An organism’s set of genes; the genetic makeup of that organism.

• DNA

• Genotype

• Phenotype

• Gene pair

Possessing identical alleles at a particular locus.

• Gentoype

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

• Dominant

Physical structure that stores the genetic information, composed of long strands of DNA coiled around proteins.

• Gene

• RNA

• Genotype

• Chromosome

A trait is ________ when two copies of a variant allele are needed to produce express the phenotype

• Dominant

• Recessive

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous