Chapter 14

Which of these generalizations was NOT true of factory workers in the late 1800s?

• They put up with poor working conditions to keep their jobs.

• They relied on political bosses to improve their wages and hours.

• They performed repetitive tasks in hazardous environments.

• They worked six days a week for ten or more hours a day.

What did the Pullman Strike, Haymarket Affair, and Homestead Strike have in common?

• They were defeats for owners.

• They were victories for unions.

• They were organized by anarchists.

• They were marked by violence.

Which of the following is generally NOT considered one of the "bread-and-butter" objectives of labor unions?

• cheaper housing

• shorter work hours

• higher wages

• better working conditions

Which of these is a weapon used by labor unions when negotiations with business owners fail?

• court injunction

• lawsuit

• strike

• collective bargaining

Who headed the American Railway Union and led the fight against management during the Pullman Strike?

• Jane Addams

• Rose Schneiderman

• Henry Frick

• Eugene Debs

Which of the following was a threat of living in tenements in the slums?

• Disease flourished in the conditions of tenements.

• Police officers often raided tenements.

• People who lived in tenements could not vote.

• Residents were often very far from the cities.

What is significant about the Railroad Strike of 1877?

• It was the first affective strike in the United States.

• It was the longest lasting labor strike in American history.

• It marks the first time that the U.S. army was used to break a strike.

• It resulted in the death of thousands of protestors.

What is one improvement labor unions achieved?

• Their average work hours per week fell to 49.

• Their wages almost doubled in amount.

• They were guaranteed higher pay on holidays.

• They had to have two days off a week.

What is the writer of this poem discussing?

“Nearly any hour on the East Side of New York City you can see them––pallid boy or spindling girl––their faces dulled, their backs bent under a heavy load of garments piled on head and shoulders.” ––Edwin Markham, 1907

• He is describing a typical industrial street scene and bringing attention to child labor.

• He is condemning child labor and vowing to devote his future efforts to improving work conditions.

• He is praising the fact that employing children increases the work force for factory efficiency.

• He is trying to piece together an artful description of the children who work in the factories.

Which labor union adopted the socialist theories of Karl Marx?

• Haymarket Socialists’ Coalition

• Industrial Workers of the World

• Knights of Labor

• American Federation of Labor