The Motion of Particles Quiz

1. Vinegar is an ingredient commonly used by chefs. Scientists also use it as well, although they call it acetic acid. When vinegar is in its liquid or solid (frozen) states, it has a fixed volume. But when vinegar is in its gas state, it takes up the entire volume of whatever container it is in. This is why you can smell an open bottle of vinegar the minute you walk into a kitchen, even though you cannot actually see the gas particles!

Which statement best explains why the volume of vinegar gas is changeable as opposed to the fixed volume of its solid and liquid states?

• Gas particles are always at a higher pressure than solids and liquids.

• Gas particles are always at a higher temperature than solids and liquids.

• Gas particles are spaced far apart and can move freely.

• Gas particles stay close together but can move around each other.

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2. Provided below is the state diagram for water. According to this diagram, under which of the following conditions will the water particles have a fixed volume but a changeable shape?

• 125℃ and 100 kPa

• 75℃ and 150 kPa

• -25℃ and 50 kPa

• -100℃ and 120 kPa

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3. Provided below is the state diagram for the metal gallium. According to this diagram, how do the particles of gallium behave at standard temperature and pressure (STP)?

• The particles are tightly packed together and vibrate in place.

• The particles stay close together but can move around each other.

• The particles are far apart from each other and can move freely about.

• Not enough information is provided to predict how the particles will behave.

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4. A chemist finds several unlabeled bottles, each containing a clear liquid. Unsure if the liquids in the bottles are different or not, she decides that she should perform a quick investigation of the liquids’ properties. What property should she measure for each liquid to determine if they are different substances?

• Mass, because every liquid has a fixed mass and so different liquids have different masses

• Volume, because every liquid has a fixed volume and so different liquids have different volumes

• Pressure, because every liquid is under a specific pressure and so different liquids are under different pressures

• Boiling point, because every liquid has a specific boiling point and so different liquids boil at different temperatures

Investigation A

As part of a research project, a group of students decided to investigate the properties of carbon dioxide. They reached out to a scientist at a local university for information on the substance, and she provided them with the state diagram of carbon dioxide seen below.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the state diagram provided to the students?

• Carbon dioxide only exists as a gas all pressures and all temperatures.

• Carbon dioxide can exist as a solid at low pressures and high temperatures.

• Carbon dioxide can exist as a solid at high pressures and high temperatures.

• Carbon dioxide can exist as a solid at high pressures and low temperatures.

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6. List the three states of matter starting with the lowest kinetic energy to the highest kinetic energy.

• Gases, liquids, solids

• Liquids, solids, gases

• Solids, liquids, gases

• Solids, gases, liquids

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7. Scientists use the phrase "kinetic energy" and "temperature" when describing:

• The motion of particles and the energy involved.

• The pressure and weather outside in any given area.

• The stillness of particles and the Celsius scale.

• The motion of particles and the movement involved.

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8. When a substance changes state from a solid to a liquid this is called the

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9. When a substance changes state from a liquid to a gas this is called the

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10. Provided below are three temperature ranges. In the circles provided, draw what water particles would look like in each of these three temperature ranges at sea level. Make sure that your drawings: • have a consistent number of particles • correspond with the correct temperature ranges • are labeled as solid, liquid, or gas • indicate the movement of particles (using drawn lines or labels)

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