Human and animal behaviour can be explained through the use of conditioning. Thoughts and feelings are not considered to influence behaviour and neither do inherited factors.

• Behaviourist Approach

• Psychodynamic Approach

• Humanistic approach

• Cognitive approach

The use of a familiar stimulus to influence behaviour towards a new stimulus by repeatedly pairing them together. E.g. Pavlov’s dog

• Operant Conditioning

• Classical Conditioning

The use of reinforcement, both positive and negative, to influence how new behaviours are learnt and how old behaviours are modified. E.g. the Skinner Box.

• Operant Conditioning

• Classical Conditioning

The use of positive reinforcement or reward following a particular behaviour to reinforce learning to ensure that the outcome is repeated.

• Stimulus

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Reinforcement

• Stimuli

The removal of an unfavourable outcome.

• Stimulus

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Reinforcement

• Stimuli

A thing or event that causes an individual to react.

• Order

• Scenario

• Stimulus

Individuals learn from observing others, imitating and modelling. E.g. Bandura’s Bobo Doll.

• Social Learning Theory

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Burger

• Pavlov’s Dog

Behaviour is explained by unconscious thoughts and emotions. E.g. Sigmund Freud’s iceberg analogy.

• Behaviourist Approach

• Psychodynamic approach

• Cognitive Approach

• Humanist Approach

The experiences of the senses in the here and now.

• Conscious Thinking

• Subconscious Mind

• Unconscious Mind

The easily accessible part of the mind that stores experiences, memories and skills.

• Conscious Thinking

• Subconscious Mind

• Unconscious Mind