Review: Exam 2

Question:

Which of the following correctly explains why the sizes of atoms decrease from left to right across a period (row)?

Hint:

Besides Atomic Mass, which number in the box gets bigger from left to right in a period?

• A The principal quantum number increases.

• B The number of electrons increases. 

• C The distance from the nucleus increases. 

• D The number of protons increases.

Question:

Use the picture attached for this question: Atomic radius describes the distance from the center of an atom to its outermost shell. Which diagram correctly identifies both the period and group trends for atomic radius?

Hint:

(1) Atomic Radius = Size

(2) Draw your snow man.

(3) If all elements are in the same period (row), draw snowman falling to the right.

(4) If in same column, draw your snowman standing up.

(5) Pick the answer whose arrows match your snowmen.

• A

• B

• C

• D

Question:

The element with the highest ionization energy in this period (row) is ______ (pick the answer choice that correctly fills in the blank) 

Hint:

(1) Atomic Radius = Size

(2) Draw your snow man.

(3) If all elements are in the same period (row), draw snowman falling to the right.

(4) If in same column, draw your snowman standing up.

(5) Pick the answer whose arrows match your snowman

• A.  oxygen

• B.  nitrogen

• C.  fluorine

• D.  carbon 

Question:

Moving from left to right across a period, electronegativity ______ (pick the answer choice that correctly finishes the sentence/statement).

Hint:

(1) Remember, strength and size are inversely (oppositely) related.

(2) Draw your snowmen to figure out which is biggest/smallest.

(3) Smallest is strongest, always (except if noble gasses are an option, which they are not here.).   

• A.  increases  

• B.  decreases    

• C.  is constant  

• D.  is so random

Sodium, mercury, argon, and neon are used in the production of lamps. There are fewer safety guidelines regarding the handling of neon and argon than for mercury and sodium. Which of the following best describes the elements within the group of the periodic table that contains neon and argon gas? CHEM 5B

• A.  Gaseous at room temperature and highly reactive with metals

• B.  Solid at room temperature and mildly reactive with strong acids

• C.  Gaseous at room temperature and mostly unreactive (inert)

• D.  Solid at room temperature and mostly unreactive with strong acids

Question:

As a distant star moves away from Earth, the light given off by the star has a measurably lower frequency. What happens to the wavelength and energy of the photons of light when the frequency becomes lower? CHEM 6B

Hint:

Remember, more frequent, means more often, means more work.

• A. The wavelength becomes longer, and the energy decreases.

• B.  The wavelength becomes shorter, and the energy decreases.

• C.  The wavelength becomes longer, and the energy increases.

• D. The wavelength becomes shorter, and the energy increases.

Question:

Use the picture attached for this question: Which of the following waves will have the lowest energy? CHEM 6B

Hint:

Remember, more frequent, means more often, means more work.

• A. red

• B.  yellow

• C.  blue

• D.  All waves have the same energy

• A. Positively and negatively charged particles move freely within the atom.

• B. Positively charged particles exist in a small, centralized nucleus.

• C. Protons, neutrons, and electrons are small, invisible particles.

• D. Electrons and protons are organized into levels called orbitals.

In a solid ______ (pic the answer choice that would correctly finish the sentence statement), CHEM 4C

• . A. particles are diagonally positioned with rapid movement

•  B. particles are close together and can flow past one another

• C. particles are far apart and move around randomly

• D. particles are tightly packed and vibrate around a fixed point

Question:

What state of matter has no definite shape and is easily compressible? CHEM 4C

Hint:

(1) Plasma will never be the answer.

(2) Liquids are not compressible. You can't make them any tighter/smaller/pressed in.

• A. plasma

• B. liquid

• C. solid

• D. Gas