BCME1403_Respiratory System_Tutorial

The nose serves all of the following functions EXCEPT ________.

• cleansing the air
• as a passageway for air movement
• warming and humidifying the air
• the direct initiator of the cough reflex

Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ________.

• action of the epiglottis
• ciliated mucous lining of the trachea
• porous structure of nasal conchae
• abundant blood supply to nasal mucosa

The passageway between the nasopharynx and the middle ear is the ________.

• oval window
• mastoid sinus
• Eustachian tube
• internal acoustic meatus

Which of the following anchor(s) the vocal folds?

• Cricoid cartilage
• Arytenoid cartilages
• Cuneiform cartilages
• Corniculate cartilages

Which bone does NOT contain paranasal sinuses?

• Frontal
• Temporal
• Ethmoid
• Maxillary

The larynx contains ________.

• lateral cartilage ridges called false vocal folds
• a cricoid cartilage also called the Adam's apple
• a thyroid cartilage superior to the cricoid cartilage
• an upper pair of avascular mucosal folds called true vocal folds

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II alveolar cells. The function of type II alveolar cells is to ________.

• protect the lungs from bacterial invasion
• replace mucus in the alveoli
• secrete surfactant
• trap dust and other debris

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.

• humidifying the air before it enters
• protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations
• warming the air before it enters
• interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid

The left lung differs from the right in that the left lung has ________.

• two lobes
• a cardiac notch
• an oblique fissure
• a narrower and more horizontal primary bronchus

Which of the choices below is NOT a role of the pleurae?

• help limit the spread of local infections.
• help divide the thoracic cavity into three chambers.
• assist in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs.
• allow the lungs to glide easily over the thorax wall during breathing movements.