UNIT 3_INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW

Đâu không phải là những nguyên tắc tổ chức và hoạt động cơ bản của Tổ chức thương mại thế giới WTO?

• Nguyên tắc không phân biệt đối xử; Nguyên tắc tự do hóa thương mại

• Nguyên tắc minh bạch

• Nguyên tắc cân bằng hợp lý

• Tôn trọng quyền con người, quyền công dân; đặt những lợi ích cộng đồng lên trên lợi ích kinh tế.

Nguyên tắc này đặt ra nghĩa vụ cho các quốc gia thành viên “Khi ban hành bất kì chính sách thương mại nào, phải đảm bảo không phân biệt đối xử về quốc tịch hoặc nơi xuất xứ, nơi đến của hàng hóa, dịch vụ vào lãnh thổ nước mình; và không có sự đối xử thuận lợi hơn đối với hàng hóa, dịch vụ nước mình so với hàng hóa, dịch vụ nước ngoài”. Đây là Nguyên tắc nào?

• Nguyên tắc tự do hóa thương mại

• Nguyên tắc minh bạch

• Nguyên tắc cân bằng hợp lý

• Quy chế MFN và NT

What obligations the Most Favored Nation (“MFN”) Principle impose on WTO member countries?

• Prohibits a country from discriminating among good or services originated in or destined for WTO members

• Prohibits a country from discriminating between good or services originated in or destined for WTO members and its domestic good or services

• A and B is correct

• A and B is incorrect

What obligations the Nation Treatments (“NT”) Principle impose on WTO member countries?

• Prohibits a country from discriminating among good or services originated in or destined for WTO members

• Prohibits a country from discriminating between good or services originated in or destined for WTO members and its domestic good or services

• A and B is correct

• A and B is incorrect

How to determine whether a member country fulfil its MFN obligation?

• Answering a question: Does its trade policy result in “advantage”, “immunity” granted to a product originated in or destined for a country?

• Answering a question: Are such the “advantage” or “immunity” granted to like products originating in destined for WTO members?

• Answering a question: Are such the “advantage” or “immunity” granted unconditionally and immediately?

• All the above is correct

What is the main purpose of the National Treatment Principle?

• to prohibit a member country from affording protection to domestic production

• to prohibit discrimination between foreign goods and domestic goods

• to promote free trade

• All the above is correct

What international trade policies of a WTO country are under scope of the National Treatment Principle

• Border Trade Policy

• Internal Trade Policy

• All the above is correct

• All the above is not correct

What international trade policies of a WTO country are not under scope of the National Treatment Principle?

• Internal taxes and other internal charges

• All rules and formalities in connection with importation and exportation

• Laws, regulations and requirements affecting the internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use of products

• Internal quantitative regulations requiring the mixture, processing or use of products in specified amounts or proportions

What are not the main criteria to determine whether products are alike or not alike for the purpose of applying MFN and NT Principle?

• Physical characteristic and End – use of products

• Tariff regimes (HS Code) and Consumer Habits and Preference

• Directly competitive or substitutable products

• Geographical factors, cultivation and processing methods, and the genetic factor

If it is clear from reading the text of the law, regulation or policy that there is no discrimination among goods or services originated in or destined for WTO members; we may conclude that there is no breach of MFN principle

• Yes

• No, MFN principle must be considered in laws (De jure) and in facts (De factors)

• A and B is correct

• A and B is incorrect