AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 2.1*: Cell Structure - Subcellular Com

Which organelle is responsible for detoxification and storage of Ca²⁺?

• Golgi Bodies

• Lysosome 

• Rough ER

• Smooth ER

Answer explanation

The smooth ER has multiple functions in the cell

• Storage of Calcium

• Detoxification

• Lipid Synthesis

Which organelle is responsible for modification of proteins?

• Golgi Bodies

• Lysosome 

• Rough ER

• Smooth ER

Answer explanation

The Golgi Bodies will recieve the proteins from the Rough ER. It will then package and modify the products from the rough ER before sorting and sending to another part of the cell.

Which organelle is responsible for digestion of macromolecules?

• Golgi Bodies

• Lysosome 

• Rough ER

• Smooth ER

Answer explanation

The lysosome is a sac with hydrolytic enzymes. These hydrolytic enzymes will undergo hydrolysis to digest macromolecules.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Describe two locations of ribosomes plus their function.

Answer explanation

Ribosomes can be found bound or free. They all start out as free ribosomes. Then once they receive a single peptide, the free ribosomes can move through the rough ER membrane to continue their process. Ribosomes function in protein synthesis. If free, they produce cytosolic proteins. If bound, they produce membrane proteins or proteins for secretion.

Which organelle with highly folded cristae for ATP synthesis?

• Chloroplast 

• Mitochondria

Answer explanation

Recall: the cristae is the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The electron transport chain takes place here generating the proton gradient that is used by ATP synthase in chemiosmosis to synthesize ATP.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which organelle with highly folded thylakoid for ATP synthesis?

• Chloroplast 

• Mitochondria

Answer explanation

Recall: the thylakoid are membraneous sacs in the chloroplasts. During the light reactions, the proton gradient is generated then used to synthesize ATP for the Calvin Cycle.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which organelle that aids in turgid pressure in plant cells?

• Central vacuole

• Contractile vacuole

• Food vacuole

• Transport vesicle

Answer explanation

Central vacuole is found in plant cells and is mostly responsible for maintaining the turgor pressure due to the storage of water. This turgor pressure allows the plant cells to be turgid (in a hypotonic environment). Additionally, nutrients, enzymes, and wastes can also be stored.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which organelle fuses with lysosome?

• Central vacuole

• Contractile vacuole

• Food vacuole

• Transport vesicle

Answer explanation

During phagocytosis (cellular eating), the pseduopodia surrounds the food creating the food vacuole. This membranous sac will fuse with the lysosome to assist with digestion of the food materials.

Which organelle is produced by Rough ER and Golgi after their function?

• Central vacuole

• Contractile vacuole

• Food vacuole

• Transport vesicle

Answer explanation

Transport vesicles are created from the membrane of the rough ER and Golgi bodies as materials are transported throughout the cell carrying materials from one organelle to another organelle.

How does a contractile vacuole function in osmoregulation?

Answer explanation

Found in protists that live in a hypotonic environment. This organelle will contract to push water out of the organism as water rushes in to inhibit cell from lysing

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3