Unit 4 Cognition

How is long-term memory best defined?

• by the process of repeating a piece of information verbally or mentally

• by the unlimited capacity memory store that can store data for long periods of time

• by bringing a previously learned, and thus stored in memory, thought or idea into conscious awareness

• by the retention of encoded material over time

Based on Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory, match the example with the type of multiple intelligence it represents.

• 
  

  logical-mathematical intelligence

• This intelligence enjoys thinking about abstract ideas and is good at conducting scientific experiments.

• 
  

  bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

• This intelligence is skilled at dancing and sports and enjoys creating things with his or her hands.

• musical intelligence

• This intelligence is able to explain things well and enjoys reading and writing.

• 
  

  linguistic intelligence

• This intelligence enjoys singing and playing musical instruments and remembers songs and melodies.

Match each definition with the correct encoding term

• 
  

  visual encoding

• 
  

  the process of giving meaning to something (a word, phrase, picture, or event) rather than just hearing or seeing it

• 
  

  acoustic encoding

• 
  

  the process of encoding images

• 
  

  tactile encoding

• the process of encoding sounds

• 
  

  semantic encoding

• the process of encoding sensation, usually by touch

Which statement best describes sensory memory?

• 
  When one of our 5 senses are used to remember an event.

• 
  When we remember an event, it now makes sense to us.

• 
  When and elderly man no longer remembers an event it will not make sense to them

• 
  When the amygdala sends messages to the pituitary gland, it will release the hormone adrenaline in order for a fight or flight situation.

  
  

Match each of the memory errors with its definition.

• suggestibility

• when the accessibility of memory is temporarily blocked

• transience

• the inability to forget undesirable memories

• blocking

• when false memories are created

• persistence

• he ability of memory to decrease over time

What is the process of encoding (storing) information through practice, rehearsal, and active remembering?

• 
  semantic encoding

• 
  automatic processing

• 
  emotional conditioning

• 
  effortful processing

Which of the following best describes memory reconstruction?

• It is the process of transferring memories from short-term to long-term storage.

• It is the act of actively interacting with information in order to ensure that it is encoded.

• It is the process of creating new memories by changing important parts of existing memories.

• It is the process of bringing old memories to the surface and making sense of their components.

What does IQ, the numerical measure of intelligence stand for?

• intelligence quota

• intelligence question

• intelligence quote

• intelligence quotient

Which of the following describes an encoding failure?

• You never learned about the color wheel's components because you never interacted with it or were even exposed to it.

• All employees at your local grocery store must wear the same color pants. But you cannot remember what color their pants are because you never paid attention to them, and it was not important to you.

• The specials at your favorite restaurant change on a regular basis. On Friday, the special you prefer is always available. You make an effort to process this information in order to remember when to get your favorite meal.

• When a song you have not heard in at least 10 years comes on the radio while you are riding in the car, you sing along and remember every word.

Sort the following examples of interference into the appropriate categories.

Groups:

(a) proactive interference

,

(b) retroactive interference

• Witnessed and accident saw driver driving safely, but found to be texting and doubt what you saw

• You learn new dance but forget whe n first performing but remember the ending.

• You know how to speak French but when leanring spanish you find yourself reverting back to Frenc

• When learning baseball rules, you may inadvertently use terms from basketball, football