USH-Industrialization Quiz

The development of a system of mass production in manufacturing meant that

• machines rapidly produced large amounts of products.

• products were handmade.

• products were made in foreign countries.

• individuals slowly made small amounts of products.

What led to the rapid growth of the railroad industry in the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century?

• the development of the Bessemer steel-making process

• the discovery of coal deposits in West Virginia

• the development of the creosote wood-treatment process

• the discovery of oil in the American Southwest

What industry was directly influenced by the expansion of the railroads

• coal

• steel

• cotton

• trucking

In the decades after Reconstruction, railroads grew so large that no single person or group could finance their expansion. Thus, railroad companies sold stock to the public to gain capital. What form of business organization did this new structure represent?

• a trust

• a monopoly

• a partnership

• a corporation

Over which industry did Andrew Carnegie achieve a monopoly by buying out his competitors and suppliers?

• banking

• railroad

• steel

• oil

What was the effect of vertical integration on Andrew Carnegie's businesses?

• He was able to buy out the markets for steel, thereby controlling all prices.

• He was able to control the market for steel by buying out his competitors.

• He was able to allocate resources and control the manufacturing and distribution of steel.

• He was able to control the management of resources and thereby control his production.

Which Scottish immigrant became a billionaire during the Second Industrial Revolution by introducing the Bessemer process to mass-produce steel and vertically integrating the steel industry?

• John Jacob Astor

• Andrew Carnegie

• Cornelius Vanderbilt

• Henry Clay Frick

Thomas Edison created a commercially viable incandescent light bulb in 1879. How did this invention change the American workplace?

• It forced workers to specialize in certain tasks.

• It reduced efficiency in the workplace.

• It allowed workers to work longer hours.

• It led to the end of child labor laws.

What were push factors that contributed to migration to the U.S.

The cartoon shows successful businesspeople trying to block the way of a new immigrant to the United States. What statement is the artist making about the businesspeople?

• They are socialists who believe that new immigrants' lives would be better if they stayed in Europe.

• They are nativists who are denying others the same opportunities that they once took advantage of.

• They are factory owners who are greeting new arrivals to the United States and offering them jobs.

• They are social Darwinists welcoming immigrants who came from the same country as themselves.